V International Relations / Relations Internationales
| Date | 01 August 2021 |
| Published date | 01 August 2021 |
| DOI | 10.1177/00208345211038644 |
V
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
RELATIONS INTERNATIONALES
(a) International law, organization and administration/Droit international, organisation et administration in ternationales
71.5708 ALMLID, Geir K. — Bureaucratic politics on Europe:
inside Whitehall 1970 to 1972. British Politics 16(1), March
2021 : 74-89.
From 1970 to 1972, Britain negotiated for membership of the European
Community. The most challenging issue was contributions to the Com-
munity budgets — a controversial question also after accession, includ-
ing in the Brexit debates. By combining a bureaucratic politics approach
and the use of documents from The National Archives, the article dis-
cusses the motivations behind the government’s negotiation strategies
on this issue. This reveals considerable civil service influence on political
decisions, as well as significant differences within the Whitehall machin-
ery. The Treasury, which wanted a tough negotiation approach, lost the
bureaucratic bargaining games to the Cabinet Office and the Foreign and
Commonwealth Office. These departments, in cooperation with Prime
Minister Edward Heath, drove through a conciliatory negotiating line in
Brussels, which involved substantial economic concessions to achieve
political gains. [R]
71.5709 ALTAN-OLCAY, Özlem — Politics of engagement: gender
expertise and international governance. Development and
Change 51(5), Sept. 2020 : 1271-1295.
This article studies the experiences of gender experts in international
institutions of governance and examines their interactions with multiple
actors in the governance system as they negotiate their authority to act
as experts. Moving beyond binaries, such as those on the inside of
hegemonic institutions versus those on the outside, or co-optation versus
activism, the analysis uses processes of instrumentalization as a van-
tage point to lay out the multiple paths emerging in these politics of
engagement. The article frames politics of engagement in terms of
micropolitical tensions, ambivalences and contradictions that unfold in
these interactions. It first argues that the boundaries that exist between
inside and outside institutions are not clear cut because actors circulate
between them. [R, abr.]
71.5710 BAHR, Thurid ; HOLZSCHEITER, Anna ; PANTZERHIELM,
Laura — Understanding regime complexes through a
practice lens: repertoires of interorganizational practices
in global health. Global Governance 27(1), Feb. 2021 : 71-
94.
How do regime complexes as social orders affect relations among
international organizations (IO s)? This article explores this question by
studying the longitudinal development of interorganizational practices
and the social meanings attached to these practices that constitute a
regime complex. Adopting a practice lens, our analysis redirects scholar-
ly attention from rationalist accounts of strategic interactions be-
tween IO s to the study of patterned “doings” among actors in regime
complexes. The mixed-methods analysis of interorganizational practices
between eight IO s in the global health regime complex shows that
cooperation among IO s is not primarily the outcome of r ational respons-
es to problems of collective action. [R, abr.]
71.5711 BÉLANGER, Marie-Eve ; SCHIMMELFENNIG, Frank —
Politicization and rebordering in EU enlargement: mem-
bership discourses in European parliaments. Journal of
European Public Policy 28(3), 2021 : 407-426.
Enlargement is the most significant debordering policy of the EU. In an
analysis of debates in the EP and a sample of member state national
parliaments, this article examines whether EU enlargement discourse
has been characterized by a politicized rebordering process since the
mid-2000s. We find that enlargement discourse has become more
‘rebordered’ in the course of the 2010s. Moreover, enlargement has lost
salience and become more contested. In a regression analysis of en-
largement positions and frames, we further show that the enlargement
discourse is systematically politicized along cultural partisan lines.
Members of culturally conservative and nationalist parties are more
opposed to enlargement and use more restrictive frames. Finally, we
observe that cultural boundary gaps based on the dominant religion of
potential member states reinforce the cultural divide in the discourse. [R]
[See Abstr. 71.5776]
71.5712 BELGIOIOSO, Margherita ; SALVATORE, Jessica Di ;
PINCKNEY, Jonathan — Tangled up in blue: the effect of
UN peacekeeping on nonviolent protests in post-civil war
countries. International Studies Quarterly 65(1), March
2021 : 1-15.
Do peacekeeping missions facilitate nonviolent political contention in
post-civil war countries? The nonviolent expression of political grievances
is a crucial part of the post-civil war peace-building process but is under-
studied thus far. We claim that the presence of peacekeepers significant-
ly contributes to establishing a secure environment for nonviolent political
contention, particularly nonviolent public protest. In addition, we claim
that peacekeeping missions with personnel from countries with robust
civil societie s are more likely to promote nonviolent political contention
because of prior socialization to civic engagement and bottom-top politi-
cal participation. This is particularly true for UN police personnel (UN-
POL), who both train local police forces and have the most direct interac-
tion with protesters. We test our hypotheses using a newly crafted da-
taset on nonviolent protests in post-civil war countries and peacekeeping
missions’ presence, size, and home-country composition. [R, abr.]
71.5713 BISCOP, Sven — No peace from corona: defining EU
strategy for the 2020s. Journal of European Integration
42(8), Dec. 2020 : 1009-1023.
The coronavirus pandemic became one more dimension in which great
power rivalry played out. How to position the EU in this interplay between
the great powers clearly remains one of, if not the most crucial question
for EU strategy for the coming decade. [R] [First article of a thematic
issue on "Pandemic politics and European Union responses". See also
Abstr. 71.5718, 5720, 5733, 5755, 5759, 5775, 5777, 5784, 5789, 5790]
71.5714 BISCOP, Sven — The lonely strategist: who but the high
representative and the EEAS cares about the EU global
strategy? European Foreign Affairs Review 26(1), 2021 : 25-
34.
EU Member States have agreed on a grand strategy, the 2016 Global
Strategy (EUGS). However, the Foreign Affairs Council (FAC), where
Member States define the EU’s foreign, security and defence policies,
has failed to fully implement it. In fact, neither the Member States nor the
European Commission feel ownership of the EUGS. However, the need
to leverage the internal competences of the Commission in order to
maintain the EU’s position in the competition between the great powers,
may forge more grand strategic unity. Nevertheless, introducing majority
decision-making remains imperative — but unlikely. What the EU could
and ought to do immediately, however, is to introduce a regular strategic
review. [R]
71.5715 BLAUBERGER, Michael ; VAN HÜLLEN, Vera — Condition-
ality of EU funds: an instrument to enforce EU fundamen-
tal values? Journal of European Integration 43(1), Jan.
2021 : 1-16.
In order to tackle democratic backsliding in EU member states, the
European Commission proposed a new financial conditionality in May
2018 that would allow the suspension of EU funds in cases of systematic
rule of law infringements. This article evaluates the Commission’s pro-
posal in terms of its chances at successfully deterring or redressing such
infringements. Drawing on both the literature on EU enlargement and on
international sanctions, we identify a list of scope conditions for condi-
tionality in order to systematically evaluate the institutional design and
analyze the context of application of the proposed rule of law conditionali-
ty on EU funds with regard to its expected effectiveness. We find that the
current proposal would indeed improve the speed and likelihood of
sanctions compared to existing mechanisms, but lacks in the determina-
cy of conditions and procedures. [R, abr.]
71.5716 BLOCKMANS, Steven ; WESSEL, Ramses A. — The EEAS
at ten: reason for a celebration? European Foreign Affairs
Review 26(1), 2021 : 5-12.
The tenth anniversary of the creation of the European External Action
Service provides an opportune moment to take stock of the role which
International relations
584
the Service has played in forging a more coherent, visible and effective
EU foreign and security policy. At the same time, it offers a chance to
field ideas on how the Union’s foreign policy actors might chart a course
to guide the European External Action Service (EEAS) to what could be
tumultuous teenage years. This article contextualizes the contributions to
this first European Foreign Affairs Review (EFAR) Issue of 2021, which
is devoted entirely to an assessment of where the EEAS’ strengths and
opportunities lie, and which weaknesses need to be addressed to fit the
Service for future purpose. [R]
71.5717 BREUNING, Marijke ; XI Jinrui — The consequences of
accession: the Hague Convention on Intercountry Adop-
tion’s Impact on Children’s Rights. Journal of International
Relations and Development 24(1), March 2021 : 77-100.
Do states join human rights treaties if they know that non-compliance
can have tangible consequences? We contend that states are less likely
to accede to such treaties, especially if they have an outside option. We
investigate this in the context of accession to the Hague Convention on
Protection of Children and Co-Operation in Respect of Intercountry
Adoption (or: Hague Convention), which regulates the adoption of chil-
dren across borders. We theorize that the incentive to join the treaty is
structured by the salience of, and likelihood of participation in, intercoun-
try adoption: states with larger orphan populations should prefer the
outside option, whereas the presence and pressure children’s rights
NGOs should prompt states to join the convention. We employ new data
on the presence of children’s rights NGOs and a Cox proportional haz-
ards technique. [R, abr.]
71.5718 BROOKS, Eleanor ; GEYER, Robert — The development of
EU health policy and the COVID-19 pandemic: trends and
implications. Journal of European Integration 42(8), Dec.
2020 : 1057-1076.
EU health policy is a policy forged in crisis. Whilst maintaining the strict
limitations on the EU’s role described in the treaties, crises have histori-
cally been followed by incremental but integrative policy change. Should
we be expecting a radical expansion of EU health policy in the aftermath
of COVID-19? And, if so, what parameters and characteristics might this
new agenda have? As we enter the period in which the EU will try to
elaborate its new health policy, this paper uses a Complexity perspective
to assess how the emerging agenda compares to existing and historical
EU action on health, the kind of decision-making that we are likely to see
in the different areas of action, and the limitations of EU health policy
development as it pushes into more political and complex areas of policy.
[R] [See Abstr. 71.5713]
71.5719 CABALLERO VÉLEZ, Diego ; PACHOCKA, Marta — Pro-
ducing public goods in the EU: European integration
processes in the fields of refugee protection and climate
stability. European Politics and Society 22(1), Feb. 2021 : 1-
18.
Although some scholars have attempted to identify the dynamics of
integration processes in the EU through political theories such as
neofunctionalism and intergovernmentalism, these theories may not be
helpful to explain the lack of integration seen in the last several years in
migration and asylum policy. To identify some of the dynamics of EU
collective action and its influence on the European integration process
(or the reverse), this paper proposes to analyse EU environmental policy
and EU refugee protection policy through the lens of public goods theory.
Analysis of the production process of public goods, in this case, as
refugee protection and climate stability, gives interesting insight into the
different levels of integration in both policy domains. [R, abr.]
71.5720 CARRAPICO, Helena ; FARRAND, Benjamin — Discursive
continuity and change in the time of Covid-19: the case
of EU cybersecurity policy. Journal of European Integration
42(8), Dec. 2020 : 1111-1126.
The COVID-19 crisis has led to an unprecedent reliance on digital solu-
tions, ranging from telew orking to virus-tracking systems, resulting in the
proliferation of COVID-19 related cybercrime, critical information infra-
structure attacks and dissemination of pandemic disinformation. Alt-
hough the virus has been repeatedly portrayed as life altering and as
having considerably increased the cybersecurity risks faced by States,
businesses and citizens, the proposed solutions, however, have acceler-
ated existing trends in the field rather than resulting in significant institu-
tional change. The article proposes, through the lenses of historical and
discursive institutionalism, that the EU’s response to COVID-19 in the field
of cybersecurity can only be understood in light of these pre-existing
trends, which are the result of an economic and security path depend-
ence that emerged in the 1980s. [R, abr.] [See Abstr. 71.5713]
71.5721 CASTRO, Paula — National interests and coalition posi-
tions on climate change: a text-based analysis. Interna-
tional Political Science Review 42(1), Jan. 2021 : 95-113.
Coalitions play a central role in the international negotiations under the
together, countries join resources in defending their interests and posi-
tions. But building coalitions may come at a cost. Coalition positions are
a result of compromise between their members, and thus the increase in
bargaining power may come at a price if the preferences of their mem-
bers are heterogeneous. Relying on automatic text analysis of written
position papers submitted to the negotiations, I analyze the extent to
which coalitions represent the preferences of their members and d iscuss
whether this contributes to disproportionate policy responses at the
international level. [R, abr.] [See Abstr. 71.5196]
71.5722 CIORNEI, Irina ; ROSS, Malcolm G. — Solidarity in Europe:
from crisis to policy? Acta Politica 56(2), Apr. 2021 : 209-
219.
The EU’s recent history shows Member States’ uneasiness in finding a
compromise between what the Union requires to maintain or deepen
integration, on the one hand, and national interests, on the other. While
supranational policies such as the European Stability Mechanism (ESM)
and the failed refugee quota programme have been framed as expres-
sions of institutionalised solidarity in the EU, important criticism uncovers
their limited solidary outreach and entrenched conditionality. Conse-
quently, the revival of the national interest as the ultimate mobilising
factor for action and policy choice has been framed in terms of a crisis of
European solidarity. This special issue approaches European solidarity in
the context of economic and refugee crises from a multidisciplinary and
multimethodological perspective and seeks to uncover both the opportu-
nities and pitfalls of solidarity in the EU. [R, abr.] [See also Abstr.
71.5533, 5741, 5742, 5746, 5773, 5791, 5826, 5953]
71.5723 CITI, Manuele ; JUSTESEN, Mogens K. — Redistribution in
a political union: the case of the EU. European Journal of
Political Research 60(2), May 2021 : 317-338.
A key function of centralized budgets in federal and political unions is to
act as an equalizing mechanism to support economic and social cohe-
sion. This is also the case with the European Union's (EU) budget, which
operates as a redistributive mechanism that counteracts the
cross-national and cross-regional inequalities created by the single
market. Despite the limits on cross-national redistribution imposed by a
centrifugal system of representation, the net fiscal position of member
states — what they pay to the EU budget minus what they receive from it
— is very diverse and has changed quite remarkably over the last dec-
ades. In this paper, we investigate how and why the net fiscal position of
each member state toward the rest of the EU changes over time. [R, abr.]
71.5724 COLLI, Francesca — Politics without bureaucrats? West-
ern European NGO campaigns in the state and the mar-
ket. Rivista italiana di Scienza politica 51(1), March 2021 :
67-82.
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play an important role in the
representation of citizens' interests towards policymakers. However, they
increasingly run their campaigns not only against policymakers, but also
against corporations. While the choice among strategies has been
examined either in the state (targeting policymakers) or in the market
(targeting companies), the choice between the two remains unexamined.
Moreover, conventional studies of advocacy have failed to comparatively
assess how groups combine strategies. This study fills these gaps,
examining when N GOs target their campaigns at (1) the market, (2) the
state and (3) both. It examines 24 NGO campaigns in the UK and Italy
using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. [R, abr.]
71.5725 CSATLÓS, Erzsébet — The EU’s consular protection
policy from the administrative law perspective. Central
European Public Administration Review 18(1), May 2020 :
185-202.
The European Administrative Space has grown into a multi-level adminis-
trative structure characterised by the horizontal and vertical cooperation
of all its levels. The sole executive responsibility of Member States’
administrations has been substituted by cooperative networks of direct
and indirect level authorities due to the growing number of composite
procedures. Thus, consular protection policy has evolved from an inter-
governmental regime to a special European administration field. The
multi-level institutionalisation of the execution and evaluation of Europe-
an policies is a coherent system compared to the obligation de résultat of
the Member States once associated with the implementation of the
acquis. Therefore, the article examines what constitutes European
administration in this and other policy fields and what represents its
structural and procedural law sides. The EU consular protection policy as
To continue reading
Request your trial