V Political Process : Public Opinion, Attitudes, Parties, Forces, Groups and Elections / Vie Politique : Opinion Publique, Attitudes, Partis, Forces, Groupes et Élections
| Published date | 01 October 2023 |
| DOI | http://doi.org/10.1177/00208345231209561 |
| Date | 01 October 2023 |
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V
POLITICAL PROCESS : PUBLIC OPINION,
ATTITUDES, PARTIES, FORCES, GROUPS AND ELECTIONS
VIE POLITIQUE : OPINION PUBLIQUE,
ATTITUDES, PARTIS, FORCES, GROUPES ET ÉLECTIONS
73.6155 AARSLEW, Laurits F. — Why don't partisans sanction elec-
toral malpractice? British Journal of Political Science 53(2),
Apr. 2023 : 407-423.
Partisans rarely punish their party at the polls for violating democratic
norms or cheating in elections. However, we know little about the underly-
ing reasons. I examine why partisans rarely sanction in-party malpractice.
Using pre-registered survey experiments in Denmark and Mexico, I exam-
ine the different steps in how partisans adjust their views in response to
revelations of electoral malpractice and distinguish between two substan-
tively different explanations. Do pervasive biases prevent partisans from
viewing in-party malpractice as illegitimate? Or, do partisans accurately
update their views when learning about malpractice but refrain from voting
against their party? The analysis demonstrates that partisans do not apply
double standards when evaluating malpractice. However, although parti-
sans punish in-party malpractice, they hold opposing parties in such low
esteem that even revelations of malpractice do not change their minds. [R,
abr.]
73.6156 ABDOUBAETOVA, Aigoul — Making sense of conservative
narratives in Kyrgyzstan: the case of illiberal public activ-
ists. East European Politics 39(2), 2023 : 281-300.
In recent years, we observe the growth of illiberal discourses in Kyrgyz-
stan. Illiberal public activists are particularly active in engaging with the
Kyrgyz-speaking population and spreading conservative values. This pa-
per studies the narratives of illiberal public activists and reveals three main
trends in their speeches: promoting strong anti-western sentiments; com-
bining Kyrgyz traditional values and ethnic identity with the religious doc-
trines for a bigger impact; and actively using digital and social media and
focusing on youth and informal education as their main strategies in pro-
moting illiberal thoughts. This paper argues that promotion of conservative
ideas by the Kyrgyz-speaking illiberal public activists is a home-grown pro-
cess, not directly influenced by Russian illiberal propaganda. It is a result
of evolving re-traditionalisation, growth of religious values and anti-west-
ernism. [R] [See Abstr. 73.6396]
73.6157 ACKERMANN, Kathrin, et al.— Direct democracy, political
support and populism-attitudinal patterns in the German
Bundesländer. Regional and Federal Studies 33(2), 2023 :
139-162.
Empirical insights on the attitudinal correlates of direct democracy are in-
conclusive. On the one hand, direct democracy bears a conceptual resem-
blance with populist ideas. On the other hand, participatory democrats ad-
vocate the use of direct democracy precisely on grounds that it promises
to educate citizens. This paper complements tests of arguments positing
an educative potential of direct democracy with tests of its populist poten-
tial. We make use of original survey data collected in the German Bun-
desländer, which present a relatively underappreciated, yet interesting
and representative case for studying direct democracy. Multilevel models
indicate that political attitudes are neither more populist nor more support-
ive of the political system among citizens in direct democratic contexts. [R,
abr.]
73.6158 ADIGUZEL, Fatih Serkant ; CANSUNAR, Asli ; CORE-
KCIOGLU, Gozde — Out of sight, out of mind? Electoral
responses to the proximity of health care. Journal of Poli-
tics 85(2), Apr. 2023 : 667-683.
Do voters reward incumbents for the provision of public services? We
study the political economy of catchment areas of public services to an-
swer this question. Rather than examining the binary relationship between
health care provision and electoral returns within politically defined bor-
ders, we study whether increases in geographic accessibility of health care
providers and decreases in congestion in services attract votes for the in-
cumbent. Leveraging a health care reform in Turkey, which substantially
impacted the geospatial distribution of public health clinics in Istanbul, we
find that decreases in walking time and improvements in congestion levels
in the closest clinic from a polling station significantly increase vote share
of the AKP, the incumbent party, at that polling station. We also show that
poorer communities were more responsive to improvements in spatial ac-
cessibility to the local clinics. [R]
73.6159 AGÜERO-MERINO, Estefanía — Espectadores mul-
tipantalla. El sentimiento de los mensajes en Twitter du-
rante los debates electorales (Multiscreen viewers. The
sentiment of messages on Twitter during the electoral de-
bates). Revista española de Ciencia política 61, 2023 : 139-
164.
This article analyzes the sentiment of messages posted on the social net-
work Twitter during the electoral debates in for the regional elections held
in Galicia and the Basque Country in 2020. The aim is to test whether a
dominant negative sentiment exists in the messages and whether this var-
ies when the candidate for re-election intervenes — election competition
—, whether it differs when parties from the ideological extremes intervene
— echo chambers —, and whether the same reaction occurs when the
issue at stake affects both electorates equally. It is shown that in the
Basque Country it is more important who intervenes — more electoral
competition —, while in Galicia the issues are the ones that motivate Twit-
ter conversations. [R]
73.6160 AIZENBERG, Ellis — Conflict and salience as drivers of
corporate lobbying? An elite survey experiment. Govern-
ance 36(2), Apr. 2023 : 555-574.
This paper argues that a high degree of conflict and a low degree of sali-
ence on a policy issue drives corporations to lobby alone rather than via a
business association. Previous research has addressed drivers at organi-
zational, sector and structural level. This paper adds an issue perspective.
These arguments are important as democracies thrive when business em-
ploys its power in a responsible manner. When corporations lobby alone,
it can be a challenge to do so as they tend to overlook long-term interests
of the broader business community and society. The arguments are tested
for the first time in a corporatist context through an original survey experi-
ment among corporate lobbyists in Germany and the Netherlands. [R, abr.]
73.6161 Al-MARASHI, Ibrahim — Iraq’s Popular Mobilisation Units:
intra-sectarian rivalry and Arab Shi’a mobilisation from
the 2003 invasion to Covid-19 pandemic. International Poli-
tics 60(1), Feb. 2023 : 194-213.
The Popular Mobilisation Units’ (PMU) rise in Iraq resulted from a de facto,
post-2003 hybridization of security governance, opposed to an emergency
measure to combat Islamic State after 2014. Rather than a cohesive sec-
tarian movement, the PMU moniker granted a government veneer to an
array of pre-existing or new militias, representing a decentralized Shi’a
Arab mobilisation prior to 2014, symptomatic of Iraq’s divisive patronage
politics. Perceived by the US and the Arab world as ‘pro-Iranian Shi’a mi-
litias’, as a spoiler to Iraq’s sovereignty, and an Iranian means of securing
its control over Baghdad, while some militias began as NSAAs, the PMU
have evolved into quasi-state actors by becoming part of the state, but not
under its complete control. [R, abr.]
73.6163 ALBERTUS, Rene W. ; MAKOZA, Frank — Habermasian
analysis of reports on Presidential Tweets influencing pol-
itics in the USA. International Politics 60(2), Apr. 2023 : 330-
349.
Over the last decade, there has been rapid growth in instant messaging
platforms, e.g. WhatsApp, Twitter and Instagram. Academic research on
the use of instant messaging platforms is growing, but few studies have
looked at the influence instant messaging could have on politics and the
impact on world peace. Drawing on the Theory of Communication Action,
this paper interrogated the discourses of using Twitter in the context of the
USA. Media reports and tweets were analysed using validity claims to
check communication distortions or misinformation that could impair the
decision-making of policymakers and the public. The American President
used Twitter to communicate potentially dangerous messages to Ameri-
can society. It was interesting to note that Twitter decided to fact-check
Political process : public opinion, attitudes, parties, forces, groups and elections
728
tweets in response to the call from the community at large to have the
account shut down. [R]
73.6164 ALSOOS, Imad — What explains the resilience of Muslim
Brotherhood movements? An analysis of Hamas’ organiz-
ing strategies. Mediterranean Politics 28(2), 2023 : 278-301.
This article attempts to define a comprehensive organizational approach
to explain the resilience of Muslim Brotherhood movements such as Ha-
mas. Scholarship highlights the importance of ideological and religious
identity, personalistic loyalty, informal interaction, and the provision of so-
cial services for the popularity of these movements. This article examines,
in turn, how these mobilizing elements are constructed and translated into
organizational practices within three organizing bodies of action: first, the
Dacwa Apparatus, which crystallizes a professional centralized hierarchy
that runs all activities. Second, the Families of the Dacwa, which educate
and train activists internally. Third, the Family of the Mosque which repre-
sents the instance through which these qualified activists externally mobi-
lize the public in their local communities. [R, abr.]
73.6165 AMMASSARI, Sofia — It depends on personal networks:
feelings of stigmatisation among populist radical right
party members. European Journal of Political Research
62(3), Aug. 2023 : 723-741.
Stigmatisation has been recognised as a major factor influencing the for-
tunes of populist radical right (PRR) parties. While scholars have exam-
ined it by taking parties as units of analysis, this study focuses on the in-
dividual level by asking Which PRR party members are more likely to feel
stigmatised? After offering a novel theoretical explanation for feelings of
stigmatisation based on the personal networks in which PRR grassroots
members are embedded, it then investigates stigma using an original
membership survey of about 7,000 members of the Sweden Democrats
(SD) and interviews with 30 of them. The survey results show that the
higher the educational qualification PRR grassroots members have
achieved, the more likely they will feel stigmatised. In addition, those who
have never had any relatives and/or friends in the SD, and those who are
employed in the public sector, are more likely to consider membership dis-
crediting. [R, abr.]
73.6166 ANDREWS, Rhys — Do women leaders of nonprofit public
service organisations help to reduce the gender pay gap?
Policy and Politics 51(2), Apr. 2023 : 206-230.
It is often asserted that the representation of women in leadership posi-
tions within public service organisations is likely to result in improved out-
comes for other women within those organisations. However, there has
been little systematic research devoted to understanding whether this ar-
gument holds for the nonprofit organisations that now provide many public
services. To cast light on this important issue, this article presents an anal-
ysis of the representation of women in leadership roles and the gender
pay gap in Welsh housing associations — registered societies responsible
for providing more than half of the social housing within Wales. The find-
ings show that nonprofit service providers led by women in the most senior
organisational positions may be more likely to have a lower gender pay
gap, confirming arguments about the importance of actively representing
female interests. [R, abr.]
73.6167 ANGENENDT, Michael — Membership and participation in
independent local parties: patterns and explanations.
Party Politics 29(3), May 2023 : 424-434.
Despite the rising electoral success of independent local parties in many
European countries, empirical evidence about their members is still rare.
Who are these members? Which incentives motivate them to join, and how
is intra-party participation structured? Based on a cross-sectional postal
survey in Germany, the results show that members of independent local
parties and national parties have mostly the same socioeconomic back-
ground and thus differ from the average general population. Independent
local party members join their organisations mainly to promote an apolitical
style of local decision-making and facilitate local democracy. Within inde-
pendent local parties, different types of participation are present; while
some members are fully engaged, others are mainly involved as elected
representatives in public office or interested in social exchange. [R, abr.]
73.6168 ARES, Macarena ; VAN DITMARS, Mathilde M. — Intergen-
erational social mobility, political socialization and sup-
port for the left under post-industrial realignment. British
Journal of Political Science 53(2), Apr. 2023 : 536-554.
This article investigates how class of origin and intergenerational social
mobility impact left-wing party support among new and old core left-wing
electorates in the context of post-industrial electoral realignment and oc-
cupational transformation. We investigate the remaining legacy of political
socialization in class of origin across generations of voters in the UK, Ger-
many and Switzerland. We demonstrate that part of the contemporary mid-
dle-class left-wing support is a legacy of socialization under industrial
class-party alignments, as many individuals from working-class back-
grounds — traditional left-wing constituencies — have a different (post-
industrial) class location than their parents. These enduring effects of pro-
duction worker roots are weaker among younger generations and in more
realigned contexts. Our findings imply that exclusively considering re-
spondents' destination class underestimates the relevance of political so-
cialization in class of origin, thereby overestimating electoral realignment.
However, these past industrial alignments are currently unparalleled, as
newer left-wing constituencies do not (yet) demonstrate similar legacies.
[R]
73.6169 ARIÑO LANGARITA, Irune ; MARTÍN FUENTES, Natalia ;
FERNÁNDEZ LUIÑA, Eduardo — La ideología liberal y la
participación electoral en España (2010-2020): el compor-
tamiento diferencial del votante liberal (Liberal ideology
and voter turnout in Spain (2010-2020): The differential be-
havior of liberal voters). Revista española de Ciencia política
61, 2023 : 65-91.
This article makes a first approximation to the electoral participation of lib-
erals in Spain. Using the CIS monthly barometers and covering the period
of a decade from 2010 to 2020, we analyze whether liberal ideology has
influenced electoral participation. The logistic regression analyses em-
ployed include ideology in addition to other socioeconomic, attitudinal and
conjunctural aspects as control variables. The results show that liberal vot-
ers have a lower electoral participation that is directly attributed to their
ideological affiliation. For the elections studied, the differential behavior
associated with liberal ideology is robustly maintained even after the self-
placement on the left-right axis — namely, the metric traditionally used to
approximate the effect of ideology — is included in the model. This greater
abstentionism associated with liberal ideology does not seem to be entirely
explained by the greater distrust in political institutions that these voters
tend to show. [R]
73.6170 ARTIME, Michael Robert ; HERSHEY, Megan — The reel pol-
itics of international crisis: Benedict Cumberbatch’s ap-
peal for Syrian refugees. Political Studies Review 21(2), May
2023 : 357-376.
How much can a celebrity’s involvement with a charity campaign change
minds and shape political opinion? We explore this issue in the context of
an appeal by Benedict Cumberbatch regarding the Syrian refugee crisis.
We find that while the emotional, vivid images of the video did elicit a sta-
tistically significant increase in students’ positive feelings toward Syrian
refugees and efforts to help them, surprisingly, Cumberbatch’s plea had
no effect at all on these political views. Post-experiment focus groups al-
lowed us to further probe these findings, and we suggest that viewer skep-
ticism reduces celebrity influence, but that celebrity may be more effective
as a “hook” in grabbing viewers’ attention, than in actually swaying their
views. We also find that participation in a charity plea has the potential to
benefit celebrities themselves by dramatically improving viewers’ percep-
tions of them. [R]
73.6171 ARYSTANBEK, Aizada — “Can you beat your wife, yes or
no?”: a study of hegemonic femininity in Kazakhstan’s
online discourses. East European Politics 39(2), 2023 : 301-
320.
This study investigates how standards of hegemonic femininity in Kazakh-
stan are utilised by the public in online spaces to police Kazakh women’s
bodies, glorify national culture, and normalise violence against women
who do not conform to these standards. Drawing upon discourse analysis
as the primary method for examining available comments on Facebook
and Instagram, this paper is one of the first studies of modern Kazakh
nationalism from a critical gendered perspective that situates discourses
about Kazakh women in the context of sexual violence and demonstrates
the “weaponisation” of women’s bodies and the normalisation of violence
against them in online spaces. [R] [See Abstr. 73.6396]
73.6172 AUER, Daniel ; RUEDIN, Didier — How one gesture curbed
ethnic discrimination. European Journal of Political Re-
search 62(3), Aug. 2023 : 945-966.
Members of ethnic and racial minorities across North America and Europe
continue to face discrimination, for instance, when applying for jobs or
seeking housing. Such unequal treatment can occur because societies
categorize people into groups along social, cultural, or ethnic and racial
lines that seemingly rationalize differential treatment. Research suggests
that it may take generations for such differences to decline, if they change
at all. Here, we show that a single gesture by international soccer players
at the World Cup 2018 — followed by an extensive public debate — led to
a measurable and lasting decline in discrimination. Immediately after the
galvanizing event, invitation rates to view apartments increased by 6 per-
centage points for the migrant group represented by the players, while re-
sponses to the native population did not change noticeably. [R, abr.]
Vie politique : opinion publique, attitudes, partis, forces, groupes et élections
729
73.6173 AYDEMIR, Nermin ; VERMEULEN, Floris — Political prefer-
ences across a transnational space: interviews with dual
citizens of the Netherlands and Turkey. European Political
Science 22(1), March 2023 : 159-174.
What do national votes mean for dual citizens who have the right to vote
here and there? Does political socialization in a liberal democratic system
lead to a democratic remittance or do immigrant minorities align with au-
thoritarian regimes challenging the West's liberal democratic values? We
analyse voting preferences by using a transnational lens that focuses on
the convergence of two different political systems via immigrant-origin vot-
ers. We focus on the Turkish-Dutch population from conservative back-
grounds in our aim to gain a thorough understanding of support towards
Islamic parties here (in the Netherlands) and there (in Turkey). This is one
of just a few studies that have investigated the complex and layered nature
of political preferences in a transnational world. A qualitative approach is
followed to acquire in-depth insights of the ideas and evaluations of our
research group. [R, abr.] [See Abstr. 73.6536]
73.6174 AYLOTT, Nicholas ; BOLIN, Niklas — A new right: the Swe-
dish parliamentary election of September 2022. West Eu-
ropean Politics 46(5), 2023 : 1049-1062.
The Swedish parliamentary election of 11 September 2022 led to the re-
moval of a Social Democratic government and the installation of a right-
of-centre coalition. The change was made possible by the mainstream
right’s abandonment of the previous cordon sanitaire around the radical-
right Sweden Democrats (SD). The new government, consisting of the
Moderates, the Christian Democrats and the Liberals, concluded a com-
prehensive agreement with SD. In this article, we sketch the background
to the election; describe how the campaign unfolded; and interpret the re-
sults and outcome. [R]
73.6175 AYLOTT, Nicholas ; BOLIN, Niklas — Locating power in
party leader selection. Scandinavian Political Studies 46(1-
2), March-June 2023 : 1-22.
In this article, the aim is to enhance our understanding of who has power
over leader selection in political parties. To this end, we apply an analytical
framework in which the selection process is divided into three phases:
gatekeeping, preparation and decision. The focus is on determining the
extent to which each of these phases is influential for the outcome and
thereby locating the distribution of intra-party power. Underpinning the
analysis is the conviction that the comparison of leader selection is too
limited if it relies solely on information about formal procedures, including
the composition of the selectorate. We should also take the preselection
phase of leader selection into account. Empirically, we examine a sample
of recent selection processes in European parliamentary democracies. [R,
abr.]
73.6176 AZZIMONTI, Marina ; FERNANDES, Marcos — Social media
networks, fake news, and polarization. European Journal of
Political Economy 76, Jan. 2023 : 102256.
We study how the structure of social media networks and the presence of
fake news affects the degree of misinformation and polarization in a soci-
ety. For that, we analyze a dynamic model of opinion exchange in which
individuals have imperfect information about the true state of the world and
exhibit bounded rationality. Key to the analysis is the presence of internet
bots: agents in the network that spread fake news (e.g., a constant flow of
biased information). We characterize how agents’ opinions evolve over
time and evaluate the determinants of long-run misinformation and polari-
zation in the network. To that end, we construct a synthetic network cali-
brated to Twitter and simulate the information exchange process over a
long horizon to quantify the bots’ ability to spread fake news. [R, abr.]
73.6177 BAEKGAARD, Martin ; HERD, Pamela ; MOYNIHAN, Donald
P. — Of "welfare queens" and "poor carinas": social con-
structions, deservingness messaging and the mental
health of welfare clients. British Journal of Political Science
53(2), Apr. 2023 : 594-612.
Politicians engage in, and the media amplifies, social constructions of wel-
fare recipients as undeserving. Such messaging seeks to influence mass
public opinion, but what are the effects on the target population receiving
welfare benefits? We test if deservingness messaging affects welfare re-
cipients' mental health. To do so, we exploit a quasi-experiment entailing
a dramatic shift in deservingness messaging after a welfare recipient in
Denmark became the subject of a national debate, utilizing detailed ad-
ministrative data on the ensuing consumption of antidepressants by other
welfare recipients. We find evidence that welfare recipients experienced
worse mental health outcomes after being exposed to deservingness mes-
saging, reflected in a 1.2-percentage-point increase in the use of antide-
pressants in the weeks following the airing of a critical interview. Deserv-
ingness messaging particularly affected more vulnerable groups who had
a history of mental health problems. [R]
73.6178 BAKER, Regina S. — Ethno-racial variation in single moth-
erhood prevalences and penalties for child poverty in the
United States, 1995-2018. Annals of the American Academy
of Political and Social Science 702, July 2022 : 20-36.
Empirical studies link high racial inequality in US child poverty to the higher
prevalence of single motherhood among certain racial groups. But a grow-
ing literature is demonstrating how the impact of single parenthood and
family structure on children varies by racial group, including evidence that
Black children experience smaller single motherhood “penalties” for some
outcomes, like education. I use Luxembourg Income Study data for the
United States from 1995 to 2018 to further investigations of ethno-racial
variation in single motherhood penalties for child poverty. I provide a de-
scriptive portrait of the levels and trends of children living in single-mother
households and of the poverty penalties associated with children living in
such households. I also show that, on average, Black children experience
smaller penalties from single motherhood and Latino children experience
larger penalties, both compared to White children. I conclude with discus-
sion of potential reasons for this variation and future directions for re-
search. [R] [First article of a thematic issue on "Single-parent families and
public policy: evidence from high-income countries", edited and introduced
by Janet C. GORNICK; Laurie C. MALDONADO and Amanda SHEELY.
See also Abstr. 73.5934, 5941, 6438, 6499, 6858, 6876, 6883, 6919,
6923, 6924, 6980, 6998]
73.6179 BALLARD, Andrew O., et al.— Dynamics of polarizing rhet-
oric in Congressional tweets. Legislative Studies Quarterly
48(1), Feb. 2023 : 105-144.
Affective polarization is pervasive in modern US politics, and can be inten-
sified by strategic messaging from members of Congress. But there are
gaps in our knowledge of the dynamics of polarizing appeals from elected
representatives on social media. We explore the usage of polarizing rhet-
oric by members of Congress on Twitter using the 4.9 million tweets sent
by members of Congress from 2009 to 2020, coded for the presence of
polarizing rhetoric via a novel and highly accurate application of super-
vised machine learning methods. Fitting with our expectations, we find that
more ideologically extreme members, those from safer districts, and those
who are not in the president’s party are more likely to send polarizing
tweets, and that polarizing tweets garner more engagement, increasing
campaign funding for more polarizing members. [R]
73.6180 BANTEL, Ivo — Camps, not just parties. The dynamic foun-
dations of affective polarization in multi-party systems.
Electoral Studies 83, June 2023 : 102614.
Concerns over affective polarization in Western democracies are growing.
But which broader political distinctions are also affective demarcations?
As inter-party cooperation is the rule in multi-party democracies, explain-
ing affective polarization beyond partisan divisions is crucial. I argue that
demarcations between political camps deepen affective polarization, and
country-level factors influence the relevance of these affective divides.
Based on survey data from 23 Western democracies (1996-2019), I
demonstrate that affect is most polarized between Left and Right camps,
and between the Radical Right and other camps. Further, these divides
are dynamic and depend on different country-level outcomes. The
Left/Right divide disappears when Left and Right parties govern together,
while the Radical Right divide is fortified with Radical Right electoral suc-
cess. These findings highlight that affective polarization’s group founda-
tions extend beyond partisanship, and that affective polarization could
even act as a defence mechanism against radical challengers. [R]
73.6181 BARTON, Richard — The primary threat: how the surge of
ideological challengers is exacerbating partisan polariza-
tion. Party Politics 29(2), March 2023 : 248-259.
Despite widespread speculation among pundits and politicians, statistical
research finds little evidence that primaries are an important source of po-
larization in roll-call voting. This manuscript moves beyond roll-call votes
by testing the effects of ideological primary challenges on partisanship in
bill co-sponsorship in Congress. Moreover, while extant research gener-
ally focuses on the one-to-one effects of primary challenges on the incum-
bents who experience a challenge, I measure and test the effects of the
mere threat of a primary challenge from the ideological extreme. I find that
the increased threat of an ideological primary challenge accounts for about
one-fourth of the rise in partisanship that occurred from the 1980s to the
2010s. These findings suggest the recent wave of ideological primary chal-
lenges is an important source of the escalation and intensification of po-
larization in recent Congresses. [R]
73.6182 BAUHR, Monika ; CHARRON, Nicholas — “All hands on
deck” or separate lifeboats? Public support for European
economic solidarity during the Covid-19 pandemic. Jour-
nal of European Public Policy 30(6), 2023 : 1092-1118.
What are the sources of public support for international aid in times of cri-
ses? This paper investigates the determinants of public support for the EU
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