VI: National and Area Studies Études Nationales et Régionales
| Date | 01 June 2018 |
| DOI | 10.1177/002083451806800306 |
| Published date | 01 June 2018 |
| Subject Matter | Article |
VI
NATIONAL AND AREA STUDIES
ÉTUDES NATIONALES ET RÉGIONALES
68.4119
AFONSO, Whitney B. — The effect of a state income tax
68.4124
ALIJLA, Abdalhadi — Between inequality and sectarian-
on migration: the example of Connecticut [USA]. Journal
ism: who destroys generalized trust? The case of Leba-
of Public Policy 38(1), March 2018 : 113-140.
non. International Social Science Journal 219-220, March-
State-level income tax policy is a hotly debated topic in both academic
June 2016 : 177-195.
and political spheres. Although economic theory and some empirical
The informality of the sectarian political system in Lebanon has reached
analyses suggest that larger income tax burdens affect migration deci-
the point where the country has not had a president for more than two
sions, there is also a good deal of empirical evidence showing that tax
years. This paper examines the influence of institutional conditions on
policy has little to no effect. This lack of consensus in the academic
the level of generalized trust in a divided society. It conducts a statistical
literature is echoed in the political world, where many states are debating
analysis of the Arab Barometer Survey data. It argues that institutions, as
whether to eliminate income taxes or reduce rates as a means of spur-
wel as perceived living conditions — including inequality, the feeling of
ring economic growth. Connecticut’s adoption of an income tax policy in
safety, and the sense of insecurity — in divided societies, are an im-
1991 provides a unique opportunity to analyse the impact of a sizable
portant source of social (generalized) trust in the long run. The paper
income tax policy change on migration. The results suggest that Con-
suggests that institutions can also easily destroy generalized trust in
necticut’s income tax deterred movement into the state but had no
such societies if they are designed ineffectively and prove to be unfair
impact on exit from the state, resulting in a net loss in migration. [R]
and unequal. [R, abr.] [Part of a thematic issue on "Identity, knowledge,
welfare"]
68.4120
AGUILAR, Paloma — Unwilling to forget: local memory
initiatives in post-Franco Spain. South European Society
68.4125
ALMANZAR, Tanya ; ASPINWALL, Mark ; CROW, David —
and Politics 22(4), Dec. 2017 : 405-426.
Freedom of information in times of crisis: the case of
It has been abundantly argued that the Spanish transition was based on
Mexico's war on drugs. Governance 31(2), Apr. 2018 : 321-
an implicit "pact of silence" by which the main political forces accepted to
339.
leave the thorniest aspects of past behind as the only way to peacefully
Transparency guarantees in Mexico presented a serious challenge to its
construct a democratic future. And it has been widely accepted that
2007-2012 war on drugs. We use an original database of access to
Spanish society subscribed to this. This article defends a more nuanced
information requests, including both petitions for information and appeals
version of this state-level agreement by focusing on memory-related
to IFAI. We conduct statistical tests on the databases, finding that trans-
initiatives at the local level. By doing so, it poses some challenges to
parency is lower on security issues, as expected, but that there are
existing literature on the politics of memory in general and the Spanish
unexpected variations between security agencies, and over time. We
transition in particular. [R]
then conduct a content analysis of freedom of information requests to
determine what drives agency responses, finding that security agencies
developed various techniques to deflect petitions for information, such as
68.4121
AHMAR, Moonis — Understanding violent extremism:
falsely claiming that information has been provided when it has not,
Pakistan and the predicament of youth. BIISS Journal
claiming that the information is outside the competence of the agency,
37(4), Oct. 2017 : 325-338.
that it does not exist, or that it is already in the public domain. Also there
This paper examines the phenomenon of violent extremism by linking it
are significant differences in transparency between security agencies,
with the radicalization of youths in Pakistan. It [focuses on] the permea-
possibly explained by their operational roles. [R]
tion of extremism in various segments of Pakistani society in the post-
1971 Pakistan; the role of the state in not reversing the tide of religious
68.4126
ALONSO, Rogelio — Victims of ETA’s terrorism as an
extremism which got an impetus because of the Afghan War and the
interest group: evolution, influence, and impact on the
events occurring in post-9/11 [2001] period. Why the culture of tolerance
witnessed erosion in the last four decades and how ethics and values
political agenda of Spain. Terrorism and Political Violence
29(6), Nov.-Dec. 2017 : 985-1005.
declined particularly among the new generation of Pakistan are also be
examined in the paper. [R, abr.]
This article responds to the following research questions: How and why
have victims of ETA’s terrorism in Spain become an interest group with
significant influence on the political and legislative agenda of the country.
68.4122
Al-AHSAN, Abdullah — Is Pakistan a failed state? An
The evolution of the associative movement of victims of terrorism is
assessment of Islamist ideals, nationalist articulation
assessed in order to explain the process by which their influence and
and ground realities. Insight Turkey 20(1), Winter 2018 :
impact on the political agenda has gradually grown throughout the years.
119-142.
It analyzes the transition from the isolation suffered by victims of terror-
Like most Muslim nation-states, Islamic ideals inspired Indian Muslims
ism in the early days of ETA’s campaign to the prominent social and
during their struggle against colonialism and potential prejudiced Hindu
political role played at later stages. The factors that motivate and explain
domination. These Islamic ideals entailed recognition of individual dignity
their active role as interest groups are looked into, demonstrating differ-
and rights, equality and justice for all citizens in an independent nation.
ent claims and interests with varying degrees of coherence and leverage.
After independence, Pakistan deviated from those ideals and an inde-
[R, abr.]
pendent Bangladesh emerged. Although Pakistan survived, jihad move-
ments in Afghanistan and Kashmir gave rise to extremism in the name of
68.4127
ANDRÉ, Audrey ; DEPAUW, Sam — Looking beyond the
Islam which has led to ethnic and sectarian clashes challenging the very
district: the representation of geographical sub-
existence of the country. This paper examines the significance of Islamic
constituencies across Europe. International Political Sci-
ideas in contemporary Pakistan. [R]
ence Review 39(2), March 2018 : 256-272.
A key question in representation is how institutional settings bring about
68.4123
AL-ALI, Nadje — Sexual violence in Iraq: challenges for
particular representational roles among legislators. In this regard, the
transnational feminist politics. European Journal of Wom-
strategic dilemma that representatives face of whether to represent all
en's Studies 25(1), Feb. 2018 : 10-27.
people in the district equally or, alternatively, to prioritize some area
The article discusses sexual violence by ISIS against women in Iraq,
within the district, has been vastly understudied. Using innovative survey
particularly Yezidi women, against the historical background of broader
data collected in 12 European democracies, we demonstrate that a
sexual and gender-based violence. It intervenes in feminist debates
striking number of legislators favour representing the interests of their
about how to approach and analyse sexual and wider gender-based
home town over the district as a whole and that the number of repre-
violence in Iraq specifically and the Middle East more generally. Recog-
sentatives elected by the district critically impacts their choice as to
nizing the significance of positionality, the article argues against dichot-
whom to represent. As district magnitude increases, an increasing
omous positions and for the need to look at both macrostructural configu-
number of legislators wil not cater to district opinion but wil prioritize the
rations of power pertaining to imperialism, neoliberalism and globaliza-
interests of a geographical sub-constituency. [R, abr.]
tion on the one hand, and localized expressions of patriarchy, religious
interpretations and practices and cultural norms on the other hand.
68.4128
ARIOTTI, Margaret H. ; GOLDER, Sona N. — Partisan
Finally, the article reflects on the question of what a transnational femi-
portfolio allocation in African democracies. Comparative
nist solidarity might look like in relation to sexual violence by ISIS. [R]
Political Studies 51(3), March 2018 : 341-379.
421
National and area studies
Although coalition governments are increasingly common in Africa, most
This analysis of drought severity and civil conflict onset in sub-Saharan
studies focus on national leaders, and, thus, we know little about how
Africa (1962-2006) uncovers three sociopolitical conditions that influence
ministerial posts are divided among cabinet parties. Using an original
the link between environmental scarcity and civil conflict: social vulnera-
...
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