VI National and Area Studies Études Nationales ET Régionales
| DOI | 10.1177/002083451806800406 |
| Published date | 01 August 2018 |
| Date | 01 August 2018 |
| Subject Matter | Abstract |
535
VI
NATIONAL AND AREA STUDIES
ÉTUDES NATIONALES ET RÉGIONALES
68.5236 AAGAARD SEEBERG, Michael — Democratization in clan-
based societies: explaining the Mongolian anomaly. De-
mocratization 25(5), July 2018 : 843-863.
Mongolia is a long-standing democratic anomaly — a democracy in a
clan-based society — that is rarely discussed i^n research. This article
addresses the question, why did Mongolia and the Central Asian coun-
tries embark upon markedly different regime trajectories following 70
years of Soviet rule? I argue that the prospects of democracy were
shaped by a complex relationship between clan-based traditional author-
ity structures, social relations based on nomadism and the style of Soviet
rule. In Mongolia, Soviet authorities carefully enforced collectivization
across kin groups and provided all necessary public goods to citizens,
effectively dismantling clan-based authority structures. This process
unintendedly fortified nomadic social relations that enabled re-emergent
elements of opposition and forces in civil society to fill the void of author-
ity generated by the Soviet collapse and to use this counterweight to
state power to push for competitive politics. In contrast, the Soviet
authorities’ “divide and rule” with clans in Kyrgyzstan reproduced clans
that easily took on a dominant role on the eve of the Soviet breakdown.
[R, abr.]
68.5237 ACHARYA, Avidit ; LAITIN, David D. ; ZHANG, Anna —
"Sons of the soil": a model of assimilation and popula-
tion control. Journal of Theoretical Politics 30(2), Apr. 2018 :
184-223.
We model the cultural outcomes of conflicts between the local inhabi-
tants of a particular region and migrants to the region, typically belonging
to a dominant national culture. Our goal is to understand the conditions
under which migrants assimilate into the local culture, or in which locals
assimilate into the national culture. The model has two main actors: a
national elite of a dominant ethnic group, and a regional elite seeking to
promote the traditional culture of the sons of the soil. Both actors have
parallel strategies. The model has three possible cultural outcomes: the
culture tips to that of the sons of the soil; the culture tips to that of the
migrant group; or the region remains bicultural, with each group retaining
its own culture. We illustrate these outcomes through four c ases: (1)
Bengalis and Assamese in the Indian state of Assam; (2) Russians and
Estonians in the Ida-Virumaa county of Estonia; (3) Tamils and Sinhal-
ese in Jaffna and the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka; and (4) Castilians
and Catalans in the autonomous community of Catalonia in Spain. [R,
abr.]
68.5238 AHUJA, Amit ; KAPUR, Devesh — India’s geoeconomic
strategy. India Review 17(1), Jan.-Feb. 2018 : 76-99.
Many observers recognize policy continuity as a prominent feature of
India’s statecraft, but practitioners see fundamental changes in the last
quarter century. We explain how India’s economic expansion because of
sustained economic growth altered its statecraft. That prosperity is a
prerequisite to sustain power has been well recognized through history
by major thinkers of strategy. We examine the relationship between
India’s economic strategy and its congruence with its foreign policy
strategy. In particular, we illustrate how India has viewed geoeconomics,
defined here as “the use of economic instruments to achieve specific
geopolitical results.” We highlight the degree and instruments of India’s
economic statecraft as an integral component of its foreign policy, and its
strengths and limitations relative to other rising powers. [R] [See Abstr.
68.5299]
68.5239 ARBATOVA, Nadezhda K. — Future of European integra-
tion in the context of internal and external crises. Mi-
rovaja Ekonomika i meždunarodnye Otnošenija 61(10),
2017 : 57-65.
The article [examines] the future of the EU, which is experiencing the
most difficult period in its history. The challenges to European integration
are explained by the coincidence and combination of several crises.
Those are the internal systemic crisis of the entire European construc-
tion, symbolized by the UK's decision to leave the EU, and several
overlapping external crises — the consequences of the global economic
and financial crisis, the migration crisis, the crisis in relations with Russia
around the conflict in Ukraine and the Euro-Atlantic crisis. The future of
European integration, scenarios and models of its evolution have always
been central to both politicians and European scholars, and have ac-
quired great importance after the referendum on the UK's withdrawal
from the EU. [R, abr.]
68.5240 AVIGUR-ESHEL, Amit ; FILC, Dani — Military conflict and
neo-liberalization in Israel (2001-2006): a neo-Gramscian
approach. Political Studies 66(2), May 2018 : 503-520.
Existing analytical frameworks for the study of Israel’s political sociology
and political economy tend to view the Israeli society as polarized into a
neo-liberal secular and peace-seeking elite and religious ethno-
republican social groups. The turn to ethno-republicanism following the
outbreak of the Second Intifada in 2000, and two neo-liberal economic
programs in 2002 and 2003, exposed the limitations of those ap-
proaches. We suggest that a Neo-Gramscian approach provides a better
theoretical framework for the analysis of the early years of the twenty-
first century. We argue that during the years 2001-2006 a hegemonic
project was constituted which succeeded in combining neo-liberal and
ethno-republican elements. This project was based on a relatively stable
socio-political alignment of social groups, primarily drawn from the
Jewish middle class. In order to establish our argument, we characterize
the project and analyze the position of the main social groups in Israeli
society relative to it. [R]
68.5241 AXT, Heinz-Jürgen — Griechenland 2018: "annus mirabi-
lis" oder Disziplinierung durch die Finanzmärkte?
(Greece 2018: “annus mirabilis” or discip line by financial
markets?). Südosteuropa Mitteilungen 58(1), 2018 : 20-37.
European financial assistance to Greece will expire in August 2018:
austerity and control by “the institutions” (European Commission, Euro-
pean Central Bank, European Stability Mechanism) will end. But: Will
Greece have access to private financial markets or is a fourth program
inevitable? [If] private institutions are willing to invest in Greece, the
conditions — interest rates and maturities — will be crucial. To reduce
yields demanded by investors the Greek government may be forced to
push reforms and increase competitiveness. Then private markets would
enforce what the institutions could only achieve insufficiently. The follow-
ing aspects will be discussed: objectives and implementation of the three
programs provided by the troika of institutions, Greece’s development in
comparison with other “former program countries” (Portugal, Ireland and
Cyprus), debt sustainability, and perspectives from August 2018 on-
wards. [R, abr.]
68.5242 BAILEY, Tom ; DRIESSEN, Michael D. — Engaging post-
secularism: rethinking Catholic politics in Italy. Constella-
tions 24(2), June 2017 : 232-244.
This article analyzes contemporary Catholic politics in Italy and its impli-
cations for empirical and normative theories of religious politics. Empiri-
cally, it argues that Italy is neither a “mono-religious” nor a “secularizing”
society, but rather a “post-secular” one, in which the public activism of
Catholic elites and the persistent and complex religiosity of Italian society
have created a pluralist Catholic politics. Normatively, it argues that,
rather than battle over the supposed “secularism” of liberal democracy,
Catholic agents could (and often do) articulate their claims in ways
consistent with Jürgen Habermas’s and John Rawls’s “post -secular”
theories of religious contributions to democratic consensus. The article
nonetheless also shows how these theories are challenged by certain
forms of Cath olic politics, and how they might be qualified to accommo-
date them. [A]
68.5243 BARNAVI, Eli — Jérusalem, outil à usage politique multi-
ple (Jerusalem, a multi-purpose political tool). Cahiers de
l'Orient 130, Printemps 2018 : 15-28.
Ville trois fois sainte, problème insoluble dans le conflit israélo-
palestinien. Aux réalités objectives se superposent des perceptions
complexes qui rendent compte des utilisations de Jérusalem dans le
débat politique, des deux côtés de la barricade proche-orientale, jusqu'à
la récente polémique provoquée par sa reconnaissance par Donald
Trump comme capitale de l'État d'Israël, dont l'auteur analyse l'enjeux.
[R]
68.5244 BATES, Robert H. — Politics, academics, and Africa.
Annual Review of Political Science 20, 2017 : 1-14.
The roots of my fascination with politics and Africa run deep; so too does
my need for clarity. The combination drove me into the professoriate. My
research in Africa convinced me that modernization theory was wrong:
The people I came to know in the field were sophisticated in their politics.
Additional research convinced me that market-oriented approaches to
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