VI National and Area Studies / Études Nationales et Régionales
| Published date | 01 October 2021 |
| Date | 01 October 2021 |
| DOI | http://doi.org/10.1177/00208345211051903 |
720
VI
NATIONAL AND AREA STUDIES
ÉTUDES NATIONALES ET RÉGIONALES
71.6985 ACHARYA, Avidit ; HARDING, Robin ; HARRIS, J. Andrew —
Security in the absence of a state: traditional authority,
livestock trading, and maritime piracy in northern
Somalia. Journal of Theoretical Politics 32(4), Oct. 2021 : 497-
537.
Without a strong state, how do institutions emerge to limit the impact of
one group’s predation on another’s economic activities? Motivated by the
case of northern Somalia, we develop a model that highlights the
monitoring challenges that groups face in making cooperation self-
enforcing, and two key factors that influence their likelihood of overcoming
this challenge: the ratio of economic interests across productive and
predatory sectors, and the existence of informal income-sharing
institutions. Our model explains why conflicts between pirates and
livestock traders can be resolved in the region of Somaliland, where the
ratio of economic interests favors the productive sector and traditional
institutions promote income sharing between groups, but not in the region
of Puntland, where these conditions do not hold. [R, abr.]
71.6986 AGOSTINIS, Giovanni ; PALESTINI, Stefano —
Transnational governance in motion: regional
development banks, power politics, and the rise and fall
of South America's infrastructure integration. Governance
34(3), July 2021 : 765-784.
Under what conditions does one transnational governance mode evolve
into another? Under what conditions does a transnational governance
initiative break down? The article addresses these questions through the
analysis of the Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in
South America (IIRSA), showing how delegation, orchestration, and
intergovernmental (direct) governance can be linked to one another,
creating a chain of governance modes in motion. By reconstructing
IIRSA's trajectory, we illuminate the orchestrating role of regional
development banks, and explore the conditions leading to the breakdown
of transnational governance. The article contributes to the indirect
governance literature by complementing prevailing functionalist accounts
with a power-based perspective that underlines the impact of
intergovernmental conflicts and power asymmetries on transnational
governance. The article also bridges the gap between the international
relation governance scholarship and comparative regionalism. [R, abr.]
71.6987 ALCARO, Riccardo ; TOCCI, Nathalie — Navigating a COVID
world: the European Union’s internal rebirth and external
quest. International Spectator 56(2), 2021 : 1-18.
The pandemic has devastated economies across the world and
exacerbated pre-existing dynamics of growing geopolitical rivalry and the
declining clout of multilateral regimes and practices. The EU’s response to
the COVID shock has been twofold: on the one hand, it has embarked on a
new integration effort, with the contours of a ‘transfer union’ emerging for
the first time in EU history; on the other hand, it has failed to use the crisis
to advance its strategic autonomy agenda. The reason for this dichotomy
elite attitudes towards economic solidarity, the lingering commitment to the
US has worked as a brake on a similar trend in European foreign policy
preferences. [R]
71.6988 ALTUNIŞIK, Meliha — Pandemic regionalism or not? The
MENA region in the shadow of COVID-19. International
Spectator 56(2), 2021 : 38-55.
Management and control of pandemics can be imperative for regional
cooperation and solidarity. In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
region, existing regional organisations mainly failed to deal effectively with
COVID-19, although they differed in their performances. Instead, both the
regional countries and extra-regional powers preferred to address the
pandemic through bilateral health diplomacy. Thus, the pandemic has not
been transformative in terms of regionalism and regional politics in the
MENA region. There were, however, examples of regionalisation, namely
cooperation at the societal level and among health officials, which points
to the equal importance of bottom-up processes of regional solidarity. [R]
71.6989 ANDERSEN, David — Democratization and violent conflict:
is there a Scandinavian exception? Scandinavian Political
Studies 44(1), March 2021 : 1-12.
This research note provides the first systematic attempt to compare
records of violence during democratization in Scandinavia with other
regions and countries. By using Varieties of Democracy data, I construct
novel measures of democratization and violent conflict that align with
extant propositions on Scandinavian exceptionalism and conflict‐
democratization research while appreciating multiple dimensions of
democratization for a global sample of countries from 1789 to 2018. The
results show stable support for a substantial Scandinavian exception of
peaceful democratization, but only evidently so for moves toward greater
executive constraints and civil and political liberties. The exception is less
clear for democratization considering competitive elections and suffrage.
[R, abr.]
71.6990 ASHCROFT, Richard T. ; BEVIR, Mark — Brexit and the
myth of British national identity. British Politics 16(2), June
2021 : 117-132.
We analyse Brexit in relation to changes in British national identity since
World War II. We begin by analysing how the concept of “tradition” relates
to “nation”, and then examine current discourses surrounding Brexit and
national identity. We trace the ways in which British national identity has
been renegotiated since World War II through contests over nationality,
citizenship, cultural diversity, and Europe. Finally, we ask why British
political actors have struggled to negotiate the dilemmas of post-Imperial
British identity, and what lessons can be learned. We look at changing
coalitions within British political parties, which we connect to philosophical
tensions in their underlying intellectual traditions, and to changes brought
about by globalisation. We conclude that Brexit and the broader crisis of
liberal democracy of which it is a part have deep historical and
philosophical roots. [R, abr.] [First article of a thematic issue on
"Interpreting Brexit: reimagining political traditions", edited by Mark BEVIR
and Matt BEECH. See also Abstr. 71.6395, 6515, 6830, 6928, 7028]
71.6991 BAKKAER SIMON SEN, Kristina — The democratic
consequences of anti-immigrant political rhetoric: a
mixed methods study of immigrants’ political belonging.
Political Behavior 43(1), March 2021 : 143-174.
This article argues that political rhetoric should be treated as a context of
integration affecting political outc omes, in particular political belonging. It
combines qualitative evidence from focus group discussions conducted in
Denmark, a high-salience context, and quantitative evidence from cross-
national survey and party manifesto data from 18 Western European
countries over a 12-year period. In addition to demonstrating a neg ative
mean effect, the analyses show that those most in focus of contemporary
political messages (Muslims and immigrants with shorter educations) are
most affected, suggesting a sophisticated processing of political rhetoric.
In contrast, traditional explanations concerning structural incorporation,
generational integration, and exposure to rhetoric are not supported. The
article discusses the implications of the results for democratic inclusion in
contemporary Europe. [R, abr.]
71.6992 BAKSHI, Parul — A new leadership amidst Japan’s
ongoing energy transition. Australian Journal of
International Affairs 75(3), 2021 : 237-242.
With Japan’s thrust towards a more balanced energy mix, it has been
undergoing what can be termed as an energy transition. While the
Fukushima Disaster has played a crucial role in this transition, the Paris
Agreement has further acted as an impetus for the same. However, since
2012 Japan was under the political leadership of Shinzo Abe, who today
is the longest-serving Prime Minister of Japan until Yoshihide Suga took
over the prime ministership recently. Under Abe’s guidance, Japan’s
energy policy has been a mixed bag with a few hits and some major
misses. Now, as Japan welcomes its new Prime Minister Suga, it falls
upon him to lead Japan on a path of just transition. One which balances
its energy and economic goals and pays heed to the necessity of building
a climate-friendly sustainable model. This paper maps and evaluates the
Abe administration’s broad energy policy measures and attempts to
foresee the changes Suga administration can introduce to the ongoing
energy transition of Japan. [R, abr.]
71.6993 BAROI, Harold Sougato ; ALAM, Shawkat —
Operationalizing the Right to Information Act through e-
governance in Bangladesh: challenges and opportunities.
International Journal of Public Administration 44(8), 2021 :
685-698.
Bangladesh’s introduction of The Right to Information Act 2009 (‘RTI’) was
intended to achieve greater access to government information and to
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