VI National and Area Studies / Études Nationales et Régionales
| DOI | http://doi.org/10.1177/00208345221142070 |
| Published date | 01 December 2022 |
| Date | 01 December 2022 |
855
VI
NATIONAL AND AREA STUDIES
ÉTUDES NATIONALES ET RÉGIONALES
72.7789 ABRAHAMS, Alexei Sisulu — Hard traveling: unemploy-
ment and road infrastructure in the shadow of political
conflict. Political Science Research and Methods 10(3), July
2022 : 545-566.
If political circumstances are an important cause of unemployment in the
Middle East, does this tend to attenuate the influence of economic infra-
structure? I approach this question by building a geospatial dataset of the
West Bank, an area with high unemployment arguably linked to political
problems. I find Israeli army road obstacles, deployed during the Second
Intifada, obstructed peri-urban Palestinian commuters from accessing
commercial centers and border crossings, inflicting employment losses
that were substantially offset by employment gains among their more cen-
trally located Palestinian competitors. The findings suggest that marginal
economic interventions, such as removing obstacles or paving roads, have
a good chance of altering the spatial distribution of unemployment, but
may struggle to reduce overall unemployment levels absent political re-
form. [R]
72.7790 ABRAMSON, Scott F. ; CARTER, David B. ; YING Luwei —
Historical border changes, state building, and contempo-
rary trust in Europe. American Political Science Review
116(3), Aug. 2022 : 875-895.
A growing literature shows that historical boundaries affect important
macro-outcomes such as patterns of interstate disputes and trade. To ex-
plain these findings, existing theories posit that borders have persistent
effects on individual-level behavior, but the literature lacks empirical evi-
dence of such effects. Combining spatial data on centuries of border
changes in Europe with a wide range of contemporary survey evidence,
we show that historical border changes have persistent effects on two of
the most politically significant aspects of behavior: individuals’ political and
social trust. We demonstrate that in areas where borders frequently
changed, individuals are, on average, less trusting of others as well as
their governments. We argue that this occurs because border changes
disrupt historical state-building processes and limit the formation of inter-
personal social networks, which leads to lower levels of trust. [R, abr.]
72.7791 AHRAM, Ariel I. ; ALAALDIN, Ranj — Separatists and spoil-
ers: The UAE’s way of proxy warfare. Orbis 66(3), 2022 :
373-390.
This article examines the United Arab Emirates’ (UAE’s) involvement in
proxy warfare in the Middle East and the Horn of Africa. The UAE’s secu-
rity posture in these volatile regions has evolved remarkably over the last
two decades and set the Emirates apart from many of its rivals, peers, and
neighbors, such as Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey. Most countries have
intervened in conflicts in order to affect politics in the center, either by
backing pro-government militias or center-seeking rebel groups. The UAE,
in contrast, has constructed a portfolio of proxy relationships mostly with
separatist groups. Such groups operate in far flung peripheral territories of
countries like Yemen, Iraq, Syria, and Somalia. They do not seek to seize
the state, but to break away from it. [R, abr.]
72.7792 ALEXEEVA, Olga V. ; LASSERRE, Frédéric — La Chine et le
concept de troisième pôle (China and the concept of third
pole). Politique étrangère, et al. 2022(2) : 177-190.
Si la Chine n'est pas à l'origine du concept de troisième pôle, elle a con-
tribué à la populariser et à la mettre en scène, notamment à travers des
représentations cartographiques particulières, qui lui permettent de valor-
iser sa légitimité de puissance polaire. [R]
72.7793 AMIOT, Hervé — Ukraine: comprendre la résistance (Un-
derstanding Ukraine's resistance). Politique étrangère, et al.
2022(2) : 11-24.
La rapidité et l'ampleur de la mobilisation militaire et humanitaire, à la fin
février 2022, s'expliquent d'abord par l'existence de réseaux de solidarité
constitués en 2014. Certains d'entre eux ont été réactivés rapidement, tan-
dis que d'autres n'avaient jamais cessé de fonctionner. [R] [Premier d'une
série d'articles intitulée "Ukraine: entre deux paix?". Cf. Abstr. 72.7828,
7836, 7848, 7894]
72.7794 ASHINDORBE, Kelvin ; AFATAKPA, Fortune ; OWONIKOKO,
Saheed Babajide — Civilian joint task force and Nigeria’s
counter-terrorism operation: a critique of the community-
based approach to insecurity. African Security 14(3), 2021 :
286-305.
Non-state armed groups (NSAGs) are a prominent phenomenon in the
discourse on security in Africa. They serve as either anti-state agents or-
chestrating violence or fill security void by complementing state security.
This paper analyzes the activities of the Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF)
as a variant of non-state armed groups within the context of community-
based counterterrorism initiative in Borno State, Nigeria. Data w ere col-
lected through interviews and focus group discussion in selected commu-
nities affected by Boko Haram. The findings revealed that the use of the
CJTF yielded positive results as they helped the military in intelligence
gathering, knowledge of the landscape, translation of the local language,
and identification of Boko Haram members within the community and in
combat operations. Challenges, such as the highhandedness and deceit-
ful nature of some members, hampered the utility of the CJTF. The paper
concludes that the CJTF as a community-based response to security un-
derscores citizens as active agents, not mere passive victims in the fight
against terrorism. [R]
72.7795 ASTAPOVA, Anastasiya, et al. — A uthoritarian cooptation
of civil society: the case of Belarus. Europe-Asia Studies
74(1), 2022 : 1-30.
In Belarus, a vibrant civil society coexisted for the better part of the past
decade with a firmly entrenched autocracy in a depoliticised cooptation
mode. Through cooptation, the energy of civil society was channelled from
representing a threat to the regime into being its resource. However, the
capacity developed by civil society during this period of political inactivity
was quickly redeployed for political purposes at the junction of economic
crisis, the regime’s failure to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic and the
2020 presidential election. After the 2020 mass protests, in which civil so-
ciety played a pivotal role, the regime’s attitude to civil society turned to
suppression and hostility. [R]
72.7796 AUETHAVORNPIPAT, Ruji — Norm contestation and the
weakening of migrant fisher protection in Thailand. Global
Constitutionalism 11(2), July 2022 : 249-273.
In 2019, Thailand ratified the International Labour Organization Work in
Fishing Convention to protect migrant fishers. The Thai government vigor-
ously promoted the Convention among its constituents. Yet, despite the
government’s proactivity, such norms have been weakened upon local
translation. This phenomenon is not readily explained by existing norms
research that pays scant attention to norms in the domestic space. To ad-
dress this oversight, this article unpacks domestic processes of norm val-
idation and makes a two-step argument. First, it argues that norm valida-
tion is crucial for instigating domestic implementation by allowing stake-
holders to deliberate and contest the ‘appropriate’ application of norms.
Second, it argues that the locally acquired normative understanding, as
influenced by norm antipreneurs, or actors who defend the status quo,
weakens norm implementation while the norms’ discursive strength is re-
tained. In presenting the findings, this article contributes to the norms lit-
erature by illuminating a new life given to validated norms. [R, abr.]
72.7797 AYDIN-DÜZGIT, Senem ; RUMELILI, Bahar ; TOPAL, Alp
Eren — Challenging anti-Western historical myths in pop-
ulist discourse: re-visiting Ottoman Empire-Europe inter-
action during the 19th century. European Journal of Interna-
tional Relations 28(3), Sept. 2022 : 513-537.
In this article, we conceptualize and demonstrate how historical Interna-
tional Relations (IR) can be employed to critically engage with the populist
uses of history at present. In this endeavour, we focus on myths as ana-
lytical nodal points. We revisit the rich interdisciplinary literature on myths
to conceptually connect historical research that unsettles myths with polit-
ical critiques of myths in terms of their naturalizing effects at present. We
also expand the critical agenda of historical IR research into targeting the
prevalent historical myths of Self and Other that are employed to promote
antagonism in contemporary politics. We illustrate the potential that histor-
ical IR research holds in illuminating and debunking the contemporary
populist uses of history through the case of the relations between Europe
and the Ottoman Empire and its relationship with present-day anti-West-
ern populism in Turkey. Via the notion of myth, we combine a critical dis-
course analysis of the ample historical references in Erdoğan’s populist
discourse with original historical analysis of the varied interactions be-
tween the Ottoman Empire and European states in the period invoked in
those references.
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