VI National and Area Studies / Études Nationales et Régionales
| Published date | 01 October 2022 |
| DOI | http://doi.org/10.1177/00208345221131611 |
| Date | 01 October 2022 |
731
VI
NATIONAL AND AREA STUDIES
ÉTUDES NATIONALES ET RÉGIONALES
72.6645 ÁGH, Attila — The third wave of autocratization in East-
Central Europe. Journal of Comparative Politics 15(2), July
2022 : 72-87.
From the early 2010s the East Central European countries have devel-
oped the “third-generation autocracies”. They have introduced these au-
tocracies through the “democracy capture” with a large deviation from the
EU mainstream. Compared to the previous traditional types of autocracies
the third-generation autocracy has produced radical innovations with the
parallel developments of the formally democratic and informally autocratic
forms in the institution-building. They have created a democratic façade of
the formal-constitutional institutions and have also made big efforts for the
drastic control of the informal institutions, in the media, culture and com-
munication. [R, abr.]
72.6646 AGOSTINIS, Giovanni ; CLOSA, Carlos — Democracies’
support for illiberal regimes through sovereignty-protec-
tive regional institutions: the case of UNASUR’s electoral
accompaniment missions. European Journal of International
Relations 28(2), June 2022 : 417-443.
Why do democracies agree with contested illiberal regimes on the creation
of regional institutions for election monitoring? This article tackles this puz-
zle by analyzing the creation of the Union of South American Nations’ (UN-
ASUR) Electoral Council (ECU) and its electoral “accompaniment” mis-
sions. The case of the ECU is particularly relevant, since its missions al-
lowed for the legitimization of illiberal electoral practices in a region pre-
dominantly populated by democratic states that have pursued democracy
consolidation through regional cooperation. We show that the emergence
of the ECU resulted from the interaction of the following conditions: Vene-
zuela’s leadership; the mobilization of the transgovernmental network of
South American electoral authorities; and the interaction between different
sets of state preferences regarding election observation, which reached
an equilibrium around an institutional design that did not impose a diminu-
tion of sovereignty on the contracting states. The article sheds light on the
genesis of sovereignty-protective institutional designs, showing how they
allow for the reconciliation of non-coincident preferences even in a sensi-
tive field like election observation. [R, abr.]
72.6647 ALLEGRA, Marco ; MAGGOR, Erez — The metropolitaniza-
tion of Israel's settlement policy: the colonization of the
West Bank as a strategy of spatial restructuring. Political
Geography 92, Jan. 2022 : 102513.
Israel's West Bank settlements are a central point of contention in the dy-
namics of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Overall, however, their rapid pro-
liferation has been generally understood through the lens of an ideologi-
cally centered approach that highlights, specifically, the centrality of the
national religious settlers' movement. Against this background, the article
focuses on the overlooked reality of large, state-sponsored suburban set-
tlements – and in particular on the role of the Israeli Ministry of Housing in
their establishment between the mid-1970s and the early 1990s. Building
on contributions in the field of political economy and political geography,
we conceive the actions of the Ministry in the occupied West Bank as a
result of a broader strategy of spatial restructuring. By considering both
economic and political imperatives underlying this strategy, our analysis
offers a more comprehensive assessment of the factors behind Israel's
settlement policy. [R, abr.]
72.6648 ARADAU, Claudia ; PERRET, Sarah — The politics of (non-
)knowledge at Europe's borders: errors, fakes, a nd sub-
jectivity. Review of International Studies 48(3), July 2022 :
405-424.
From statistical calculations to psychological knowledge, from profiling to
scenario planning, and from biometric data to predictive algorithms, Inter-
national Relations scholars have shed light on the multiple forms of
knowledge deployed in the governing of populations and their political ef-
fects. Recent scholarship in critical border and security studies has drawn
attention to ‘the other side of knowledge’ and has developed a vibrant con-
versation with the emergent interdisciplinary field of ignorance studies.
This article proposes to advance these conversations on governing
through non-knowledge by nuancing the analysis of power/(non-
)knowledge/subjectivity relations. Firstly, we expand the analysis of non-
knowledge by attending to the problematisation of errors and fakes in con-
troversies at Europe's borders. Errors have emerged in relation to border
actors’ practices and technologies, while migrant practices, documenta-
tion, and narratives are deemed to be potentially ‘fake’, ‘fraudulent’, or
‘false’. Secondly, we explore how different subjectivities are produced
through regimes of error/truth and fake/authenticity. [R, abr.]
72.6649 ARAMPATZI, Athina — Social innovation and austerity
governance in Athens and Madrid: rethinking the chang-
ing contours of policy and practice. European Urban and
Regional Studies 29(1), Jan. 2022 : 45-58.
The notion of social innovation (SI) has received significant attention in
academic debates and policy, denoting the potential for bottom-up and
‘bottom-linking’ sociospatial transformations and solutions to societal chal-
lenges in times of crises. This article takes on a critical approach to how
SI is being employed in institutional channels and urban policy, by sug-
gesting a reconceptualization of the different dimensions or forms it may
acquire in the context of austerity governance. The article engages with
case studies of policy initiatives developed in the cities of Athens and Ma-
drid in the post-economic crisis period, in order to contribute to a new line
of investigation into how policy through the ‘co-paradigm’ reconfigures the
meaning and practice of SI, by tapping into the innovative dynamic of the
civil society. It then critically evaluates the possibilities and limitations for
grassroots innovations to influence urban governance in an era of auster-
ity. [R]
72.6650 ATALAY, Zeynep — The mutual constitution of illiberal civil
society and neoauthoritarianism: evidence from Turkey.
Current Sociology 70(3), May 2022 : 338-357.
Recent scholarship on state-civil society dynamics in neoauthoritarian
contexts demonstrates that the space for civil society is rapidly shrinking
worldwide. Faced with legal, administrative, and extralegal measures that
restrict operations and resources, civil society actors are forced to choose
between marginalization or co-optation. This article examines the ruling
party-Islamic civil society symbiosis in Turkey and identifies mutual consti-
tution as an alternative model of the state-civil society relationship in hybrid
regimes. Defined as utilitarian reciprocity between the ruling authority and
civil society actors where both parties expand and consolidate their re-
spective domains, the mutually constitutive relationship between the AKP
government and Islamic civil society actors has facilitated the consolida-
tion of neoauthoritarianism. [R, abr.]
72.6651 AVRITZER, Leonardo ; RENNÓ, Lucio — The pandemic and
the crisis of democracy in Brazil. Journal of Politics in Latin
America 13(3), Dec. 2021 : 442-457.
Some claim that an erosion of democracy is occurring worldwide. There
are also questions on the scope of the crisis, which countries are affected,
and how to reverse it. The Covid-19 pandemic may have fostered disa-
greements, deepened rifts, and contributed to the definitive crystallisation
of the crisis, but it may also have engendered more moderate and compli-
ant attitudes given the need to unify around the response to common
threat. We explore the current dilemmas of democracy in the Brazilian
case, focusing on how regime legitimacy, authoritarian attitudes, and sup-
port for a populist, authoritarian leader interact and are affected by the
pandemic, using public opinion data from 2018 to 2020. [R] [See Abstr.
72.6676]
72.6652 BAKKE, Elisabeth ; SITTER, Nick — The EU’s enfants terri-
bles: democratic backslidin g in Central Europe since
2010. Perspectives on Politics 20(1), March 2022 : 22-37.
In the academic literature, Hungary and Poland are often cited as paradig-
matic cases of democratic backsliding. However, as the backsliding nar-
rative gained traction, the term has been applied to the rest of the post -
communist region, including the Czech Republic and Slovakia. We sug-
gest that this diagnosis is in part based on conceptual stretching, and set
out to rescue the concept as an analytical tool. We then assess the extent
of backsliding in the four Visegrád countries, explaining backsliding (and
the relative lack of it) in terms of motive, opportunity, and the strength or
weakness of opposing or constraining forces. We conclude that demo-
cratic backsliding in Hungary and Poland was contingent on a few excep-
tional factors, and EU leaders therefore need not be paralysed by the fear
of contagion when they contemplate forceful action against backsliding
member states. [R, abr.] [First of a series of articles on " The postcom-
munist democratic failure". See also Abstr. 72.5834, 6187, 6234, 6375]
72.6653 BEIN, Simon — How is collective identity possible in de-
mocracies? Political integration and the Leitkultur debate
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