VII National and Area Studies / Études Nationales et Régionales
| DOI | http://doi.org/10.1177/00208345231157670 |
| Published date | 01 February 2023 |
| Date | 01 February 2023 |
142
VII
NATIONAL AND AREA STUDIES
ÉTUDES NATIONALES ET RÉGIONALES
73.1214 ACCONCIA, Antonio, et al. — The response of taxpayer
compliance to the large shock of Italian unification. Euro-
pean Journal of Political Economy 73, June 2022 : 102158.
Because of differences in the levels of taxation among pre-unitary states,
Italian unification in 1861 determined differential increments in the tax bur-
den among areas of the country. We constructed an index of these tax
shocks and collected province-level data on historical and current indica-
tors of tax evasion to evaluate the impact of the unification on tax compli-
ance. We show that the historical variability in tax evasion reduced a lot in
the following decades and that the convergence process preserved quite
well the ranking in compliance among provinces. We also find that the
shock to the tax burden explains much of the historical and current varia-
bility in tax evasion. [R, abr.]
73.1215 ADELLE, Camilla ; BLACK, Gillian ; KROLL, Florian — Digital
storytelling for policy impact: perspectives from co-pro-
ducing knowledge for food system governance in South
Africa. Evidence and Policy 18(2), May 2022 : 336-355.
Post-positivist critics of the linear-rational understanding of the role of
knowledge in decision making have long argued the need for the construc-
tion of socially robust knowledge to illuminate policy problems from a vari-
ety of perspectives, including lived experiences. This article charts the at-
tempts of researchers to employ a creative method, digital storytelling,
alongside more traditional scientific data in stakeholder deliberations to
inform local food governance in South Africa. Four storytellers from a mar-
ginalised group created and introduced their digital story about a ‘time
when they had to make a difficult choice about what food to purchase or
get’ to a public governance forum and the reactions of the audience self-
reported. The digital stories were emotionally compelling and gave granu-
lar detail to the more top-down perspective of the scientific data. There
were concerns, however, for the welfare of the storytellers when introduc-
ing their stories in the forum. [R, abr.] [See Abstr. 73.118]
73.1216 ALAYRAC, Pierre — Les origines non-néolibérales d’un
"tournant néolibéral": l’économicisation des politiques
européennes du marché intérieur et ses usages à partir
des années 1970 (The non-neoliberal origins of a “neolib-
eral turn”: the economization of European single market
policies and its uses since the 1970s). Revue française de
Science politique 72(1-2), Jan.-Apr. 2022 : 33-54.
This article explores the elective affinities between economization and ne-
oliberalization, recontextualizing the so-called “neoliberal turn” of 1980s
Brussels as the contingent result of a longer process. It will show in which
situations and to what effect an economic technology designed to be a
neutral decision-making tool for public policy like cost-benefit analysis was
widely adopted and ultimately used to further economic integration and
reallocate power over the European economy between member States,
the EEC administration, and markets. This analysis complements existing
scholarship by arguing that the “neoliberal turn” found its origins in the
Single Market policies of the 1970s. [R]
73.1217 ALBERT, Mathias — Schlussbemerkung "Polare Ord-
ningen" — von der Denk- zur Wirkmöglichkeit? (Final
commentary: "polar orders" — From possibility to real-
ity?). Zeitschrift für internationale Beziehungen 29(1), 2022 :
155-157.
The final commentary takes a brief look at the issue of whether alternatives
to the "Westphalian order" become manifest in the polar regions. It sees
such alternatives to be possible and existing if not conceived in the zero-
sum logic of that order. [R] [See Abstr. 73.1032]
73.1218 ALIK-LAGRANGE, Arthur, et al. — Social protection and
state-society relations in environments of low and uneven
state capacity. Annual Review of Political Science 24, 2021 :
151-174.
Grounded in social-contractual ideas about relationships between the gov-
erned and those who govern, the provision of social benefits to citizens
has historically been predicated on expectations of acquiescence to state
authority. However, the rapid expansion of noncontributory social assis-
tance in sub-Saharan Africa, often supported by global donors through
technical assistance programs, raises myriad questions about the
relationship between social protection and the social contract in fragile and
low-capacity contexts. Focusing on sub-Saharan Africa, but drawing on
the theoretical and empirical literature on social protection from around the
world, this review parses out the redistributive, contractual, and reconsti-
tutive effects of social protection programming on citizen-state rela-
tions.[R, abr.]
73.1219 ARSHAD, Muhammad, et al. — Analyzing the impact of gov-
ernment social spending, population growth and foreign
remittances on human development in Pakistan: implica-
tions for policy. European Journal of Development Research
34(3), June 2022 : 1607-1626.
To achieve sustainable future for all, United Nations’ (UNs’) Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs-2030) reinforced the formulation of social,
economic and human development policies. Pakistan is a country with
high population growth rate, among top ten recipients of foreign remit-
tances but facing an acute problem of stagnant human development out-
comes over the years. Of note, Pakistan’s economic growth is considered
as growth without human face (see Easterly in The political economy of
growth without development: A case study of Pakistan, 2001). It is, there-
fore, important from public policy point of view to understand the short-and
long-run dynamics of the relationships between important social, demo-
graphic and economic factors. Accordingly, this paper investigates the
short-and long-run relationships between population growth, government
social spending, foreign remittances inflow and aggregate level of human
development in Pakistan using Autoregressive Distributed
Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach of cointegration and error correction
models. The cointegration test results showed that there is cointegration
among the variables to proceed with the estimations of long-run relation-
ships. [R, abr.] [See Abstr. 73.1226]
73.1220 AVAGIANOU, Athina, e t al. — Quite promising yet m ar-
ginal? A comparative study of social economy in the EU
South. Comparative European Politics 20(4), Aug. 2022 : 484-
509.
Social Economy (SE) has been praised for contributing to a humane and
sustainable economic growth, whilst effectively tackling the detrimental ef-
fects of economic, ecological, and other types of crises. With many of its
member states experiencing a heap of such problems, the EU has actively
facilitated the setting up and operation of social enterprises. The paper
offers a theoretically-grounded empirical analysis of SE in four South EU
countries (Spain, Italy, Greece, and Cyprus), and specifically, it examines
the pertinent policies and their post-implementation impact. It employs a
mixed-methods approach comprising a critical scrutiny of national policy
frameworks, a quantitative analysis of secondary regional data on SE
workforce and enterprises, and an interview-based fieldwork focused on
SE stakeholders and experts. [R, abr.]
73.1221 BAGAYOKO, Niagalé — Explaining the failure of interna-
tionally-supported defence and security reforms in S ahe-
lian states. Conflict Security and Development 22(3), 2022 :
243-269.
In response to the crisis in the Sahel, myriad programmes have been set
up with the aim of improving the performance of the defence and security
forces in the region. These programmes are often run or supported by in-
ternational partners. Yet, as the security situation in the region worsens,
questions have been raised about whether these programmes are relevant
and effective. In this article, we will argue that most of the programmes
designed to build the capacities of, restructure or reform the armed forces
in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger have failed to grasp that these security
systems function on a fundamentally hybrid basis, with a combination of
— and often a clash between — legal and rational approaches, on the one
hand, and informal dynamics, on the other, and that this can often hinder
implementation of reforms. [R]
73.1222 BAJPAI, Rochana ; KURESHI, Yasser — Mechanisms of
democratic authoritarianism: de-centring the executive in
South Asia and beyond. Democratization 29(8), 2022 : 1375-
1396.
How do we theorize the unexpected global trend of democratic regres-
sion? Building upon recent literature on backsliding, we offer a ne w con-
ceptualization of the notion of democrat ic authoritarianism, denoting the
Études nationales et régionales
143
use of democratic-looking institutions for the expansion of authoritarian
forms of power across different regime types, democratic and authoritar-
ian. Whereas existing accounts of autocratization focus overwhelmingly
on the executive, we outline democratic authoritarianism as a broader pro-
cess involving mechanisms of institutional and ideational capture, which
may be initiated and implemented by executives, legislatures, judiciaries
as well as non-state organizations, often acting in tandem. Our notion of
democratic authoritarianism can explain autocratization in states with both
strong and weak elected executives; it recognizes the role of anti-pluralist
ideologies and civil society organizations in enabling autocratization. We
illustrate our argument through a comparative analysis of contemporary
South Asia, which we argue illustrates different variants of democratic au-
thoritarianism. [R, abr.]
73.1223 BALAGOPALAN, Sarada — The politics of deferral: denat-
uralizing the “economic value’” of children’s labor in In-
dia. Current Sociology 70(4), July 2022 : 496-512.
Do poor people love their children less? In the case of child laborers, this
seemingly straightforward question has generated a range of complex re-
sponses. This includes research within the value of children (VOC) frame-
work with its tendency to pathologize parents by framing discussions on
children’s labor within household-based economic decision-making. In a
stark departure from this framework, this article, focused on India, fore-
grounds the key role played by post-independence development policies
in naturalizing child labor. It offers the ‘politics of deferral’ as an altern ate
analytic to draw attention to both the incremental as well as the exclusion-
ary logics that underlie the Indian state’s efforts to eradicate child labor
through schooling. [R, abr.]
73.1224 BARSUKOVA, Svetlana ; DENISOVA-SCHMIDT, Elena —
Double standards as modus operandi: mixing business
and politics in Russia. Europe-Asia Studies 74(6), 2022 :
990-1005.
Based on expert interviews (n = 75) conducted between October 2018 and
July 2019 in selected Russian regions, the authors identify several types
of strategies used by businesses while dealing with the government.
These include collusion, revolving-door affiliations, conflict of interest, ‘vol-
untary’ donations and other forms of support to the ruling party (and some-
times the opposition parties) in exchange for public contracts or preferen-
tial treatment. The study outcomes suggest that it is almost impossible to
do business in Russia without using these types of strategies. The authors
trace some of these forms back to the Soviet period and discuss possible
remedies. [R]
73.1225 BARTON, Jared ; PAN Xiaofei — Movin’ on up? A survey
experiment on mobility enhancing policies. European Jour-
nal of Political Economy 74, Sept. 2022 : 102172.
We use a nationwide survey experiment in the US to measure whether
information on intergenerational economic mobility or policy-specific argu-
ments influence support for six pro-mobility policies advocated by political
entrepreneurs. We find the information treatments do not affect support,
but the argument treatments significantly increase support for three of the
policies. We also include a behavioral measure by allowing respondents
the opportunity to write their US Senators. We find argument treatments
significantly increase the likelihood that letters address economic mobility
and significantly promote advocacy for that policy in the letter, but no in-
crease in advocacy from the information treatments. [R, abr.]
73.1226 BEIERL, Stefan ; DODLOVA, Marina — Public works pro-
grammes and cooperation for the common good: evi-
dence from Malawi. European Journal of Development Re-
search 34(3), June 2022 : 1264-1284.
This paper investigates the relationship between Malawi’s largest and old-
est public works programme (PWP) and social cohesion, specifically
within-community cooperation for the common good. Using both primary
and secondary data, we show that public works are associated with higher
coordination activities and higher voluntary (unpaid) contributions to public
goods, along both vertical ties (between community members and local
leaders) and horizontal ties (among community members). Especially for
school-building activities, voluntary inputs in the form of labour and other
in-kind contributions are higher in the presence of the PWP. Our results
contribute to a better understanding of the link between social protection
programmes with community-driven features and social cohesion. [R]
[First article of a thematic issue on "Social protection and social cohesion",
edited by Francesco BURCHI, Markus LOEWE and Daniele MALERBA.
See also Abstr. 73.510, 521, 1219, 1226]
73.1227 BEJAN, Raluca ; NIKOLOVA, Kristina — COVID-19 amongst
Western democracies: a welfare state analysis. Social The-
ory and Health 20(2), June 2022 : 123-151.
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in more than 282 million cases and
almost 5.5 million deaths (WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
Dashboard, 2022). Its impact, however, has not been uniform. This anal-
ysis examines differences in COVID-19 cases and mortality rates amongst
different welfare states within the first three waves of the pandemic using
repeated measures Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA). Lib-
eral states fared much better on the number of COVID-19 cases, deaths,
and excess deaths than the Conservative/Corporatist welfare democra-
cies. Social Democratic countries, in turn, did not fare any better than their
Conservative/Corporatist counterparts once potential confounding eco-
nomic and political variables were accounted for: countries’ economic sta-
tus, healthcare spending, availability of medical personnel, hospital beds,
pandemic-related income support and debt relief, electoral events, and
left-power mobilization. [R, abr.]
73.1228 BELL, Nathan — Limitations of the right to have rights: the
case of Denmark. Journal of Refugee Studies 34(2), June
2021 : 1618-1636.
The growing dimensions of the global refugee crisis have led to consider-
able attention being paid by theorists to Hannah Arendt’s notion of the
‘right to have rights’ (RTHR), concerning the right to asylum. There is a
historical asylum case which Arendt privileged as exemplary, in relation to
both asylum and political action: the refuge provided by Denmark for its
Jewish citizens, and some Jewish refugees, during the Second World War.
I argue that reading Arendt’s reflections on the RTHR alongside her writ-
ings on the Denmark case provides greater illumination of both. The scope
of the rescue of Jewish people in Denmark is arguably not as laudable as
Arendt maintained, as Denmark placed restrictions upon the entry of refu-
gees into its territory. This critique reconfigures the import of the RTHR in
relation to Arendt’s writings on plurality as the ‘law of the earth’. [R]
73.1229 BELLIDO DE LUNA, Daina — Management, the state and
union-weakening practices in Chile: a case study ap-
proach of the dual and ambivalent role of the state in a
process of democratisation. Economic and Industrial De-
mocracy 43(3), Aug. 2022 : 1143-1163.
The article analyses a range of union-weakening practices developed in
three Chilean workplaces. The findings suggest the existence of an am-
bivalent employment relationship between employers and trade unions
where an ongoing informal labour-management partnership simultane-
ously coexisted with de-collectivising strategies. The article argues that
the Chilean state has aided employers in the implementation of such un-
ion-weakening practices through the labour legislation. Sixty-nine semi-
structured interviews with trade union leaders, human resource managers
and field experts inform this research. The legacy of previous forms of
state intervention that countered the processes of democratisation is found
to be essential in the use of de-collectivisation. [R]
73.1230 BERGER, Tobias — Worldmaking from the margins: inter-
actions between domestic and international ordering in
mid-20th-century India. European Journal of International
Relations 28(4), Dec. 2022 : 834-858.
This article investigates the Indian contribution to the emerging interna-
tional human rights regime, focusing on two key contributions: the advo-
cacy for a strong supranational authority endowed with substantial en-
forcement mechanisms for the realization of human rights and the equally
strong defense of a bifurcation of civil-political and socio-economic rights
into two treaties. This paper sheds light on the agency of Indian diplomats
and politicians. It shows how their positions were responses to the chal-
lenges of becoming a post-colonial state in a still overwhelmingly imperial
world. I trace the movement of key protagonists between the Constituent
Assembly and the UN to show how they were engaged in a project of post-
colonial worldmaking, which required the simultaneous transformation of
domestic and international order. [R, abr.]
73.1231 BERGLUND, Tomas ; HÅKANSSON, Kristina ; ISIDORSSON,
Tommy — Occupational change on the dualised Swedish
labour market. Economic and Industrial Democracy 43(2),
May 2022 : 918-942.
In the Swedish labour market, recent research has revealed tendencies of
both dualisation — implying growth in temporary employment — and po-
larisation — referring to increased employment in both low- and high-paid
jobs, while middle-paid jobs decrease. This study explores the relation-
ships between changes in the occupational structure and the distr ibution
of temporary employment. Using the Labour Force Survey and comparing
changes between 2000 and 2015, the study shows a main pattern of up-
grading. However, splitting the analysis into permanent and temporary em-
ployment, tendencies of polarisation are revealed: growth at the low-paid
end consists of temporary employment, while the increase at the high-paid
end is mainly of open-ended contracts. Different kinds of temporary con-
tracts matter — on-call employees are more likely to be found at the low
end, and project workers at the high end. The study shows increasing pre-
cariousness in the lower end of the occupational structure. [R]
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