Arbitration
| Author | Julian Bailey |
| Pages | 1975-2118 |
1975
CHAPTER 25
ARBITRATION
Introduction 1977
Sources of arbitration law 1978
(i) Generally 1978
(ii) Express agreement of the parties 1979
(iii) Statute law 1979
(iv) Common law 1981
(v) International commercial arbitration 1982
(vi) Investment treaty arbitration 1985
A comparison of arbitration and litigation 1988
Arbitration agreement 1993
(i) What is an arbitration agreement? 1993
(ii) Writing 1996
(iii) Exclusive means of dispute resolution? 1997
(iv) Arbitration rules 1998
(v) Incorporation by reference 2003
(vi) Implication of arbitration agreement 2005
(vii) Separability 2005
(viii) Applicable law 2007
(ix) Seat of the arbitration 2009
(x) Privacy and condentiality 2011
(xi) Unenforceable or void 2012
Commencing an arbitration 2013
(i) Notice of arbitration 2013
(ii) Conditions to referral 2015
(iii) Time limits for commencing arbitration 2015
(iv) Scott v Avery clause 2018
(v) Self-executing referral 2020
(vi) Application of arbitration agreement 2020
(vii) e existence of a “dispute or dierence” 2025
(viii) Ad hoc submission 2027
(ix) Joinder 2027
(x) Matters incapable of being referred to commercial arbitration 2028
Stay of court proceedings 2029
(i) Generally 2029
(ii) Loss of ability to obtain a stay 2034
(iii) Damages 2036
Stay of arbitration proceedings 2036
1976
Arbitrator 2037
(i) Capacity, expertise and qualications 2037
(ii) Appointment 2038
(iii) Jurisdiction 2039
(iv) Revocation of authority by the parties 2044
(v) Removal of arbitrator by the court 2045
(vi) Immunity from suit 2048
(vii) Remuneration 2049
Interim measures 2049
(i) Introduction 2049
(ii) Powers of the tribunal 2049
(iii) Powers of the court 2050
(iv) Security for costs 2052
(v) Preliminary issue 2052
(vi) Freezing order 2053
(vii) Injunction 2053
(viii) Interim payment 2054
(ix) Dismissal of proceedings due to party default 2054
(x) Compliance with peremptory orders 2055
Procedure 2056
(i) Generally 2056
(ii) Statements of case 2058
(iii) Securing the attendances of witnesses and production of documents 2059
(iv) Evidence 2060
(v) Expert evidence 2062
(vi) Appointment of experts, legal advisers or assessors 2063
(vii) e hearing 2063
Duties of an arbitrator 2065
(i) Generally 2065
(ii) Natural justice 2066
Investment treaty arbitration 2070
(i) Introduction 2070
(ii) Rights created and protected by treaty 2070
(iii) Treaty violations 2071
(iv) Preconditions to commencement of arbitration 2072
(v) Remedies 2073
(vi) Costs 2074
Award 2074
(i) Form 2074
(ii) Eect 2077
(iii) Interim and nal awards 2078
(iv) Award of money and currency 2078
(v) Interest 2079
(vi) Costs of the parties 2080
ARBITRATION
1977
(vii) Non-party costs 2084
(viii) Slips 2084
(ix) Estoppel 2086
Settlement oers 2086
(i) Generally 2086
(ii) Form of oer 2087
Enforcement of an arbitral award 2088
(i) Generally 2088
(ii) New York convention award 2089
(iii) Registration of foreign judgment 2091
(iv) Investment treaty award 2092
Court review of award – England 2092
(i) Introduction 2092
(ii) Procedural matters 2093
(iii) Question of law 2094
(iv) Serious irregularity 2098
(v) Absence or excess of jurisdiction 2101
(vi) Severance and variation 2101
(vii) Remission 2102
Court review of award – Australia 2103
(i) Introduction 2103
(ii) Application to set aside 2103
(iii) Appeal from an arbitral award 2104
(iv) Time limits 2108
(v) Relief 2109
Court review of award – Hong Kong 2110
(i) Introduction 2110
(ii) Grounds for refusing enforcement under the UNCITRAL
Model Law 2110
(iii) “Opt-in” grounds for review 2111
Court review of award – Singapore 2113
(i) Introduction 2113
(ii) Grounds for setting aside award (international and domestic
arbitrations) 2114
(iii) Appeal on a question of law (domestic arbitrations) 2116
(iv) Remission (international and domestic arbitrations) 2118
Introduction
25.01 ere is no neat or concise denition of “arbitration”.1 When used in this book,
“arbitration” refers to the resolution of a dispute, on a nal basis, pursuant to a con-
sensual mechanism under which the dispute is adjudicated upon by a private tribunal
in a similar manner to how a court adjudicates on matters before it. An arbitration, in
1 Cape Durasteel Ltd v Rosser & Russell Building Services Ltd (1995) 46 Con LR 75 at 81, per HHJ LLoyd QC.
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