CORRIGENDUM to ‘How (wo)men rebel: Exploring the effect of gender equality on nonviolent and armed conflict onset’
| DOI | http://doi.org/10.1177/00223433221112430 |
| Published date | 01 November 2022 |
| Date | 01 November 2022 |
| Subject Matter | Corrigendum |
Corrigendum
CORRIGENDUM to ‘How (wo)men rebel:
Exploring the effect of gender equality
on nonviolent and armed conflict onset’
Susanne Schaftenaar (2017) How (wo)men rebel: Exploring the effect of gender equality on nonviolent and armed
conflict onset. Journal of Peace Research 54(6): 762–776. DOI: 10.1177/0022343317722699.
Author note
My article uses GDP per capita from the World Bank as a control variable when assessing the impact of gender
equality on nonviolent campaigns and armed conflict. Unfortunately, I made a mistake when joining the data sets
leading to the inclusion of GDP rather than GDP per capita. I apologize for this mistake.
To assess the implications of this error, I retrieved the correct measure from the World Bank and subsequently re-ran
the analyses (see Table 1–2, Figure 1–2 below). As in the article, increases in gender equality are, on average,
associated with an increased likelihood of nonviolent conflict onset. The main results are, in other words, robust, and
the main hypotheses in the article remain supported.
The article has several by-findings. Relevant for this correction is that it asserts: ‘An additional observation is that the
models ( ...) replicate earlier findings on the relationship between armed conflict and no conflict onset ( ...).
Results also indicate that GDP per capita is not significantly related to armed conflict onset ( ...)’ (Schaftenaar,
2017: 770). In contrast to these statements, the relationship between female-to-male primary school ratio and armed
conflict onset is not significant when including the corrected ln GDP per capita (Table 1, model 2 and Figure 2).
Table I. Multinomial logit estimates of conflict onset, base category: no onset. With corrected GDP per capita
Model 1 Model 2
Nonviolent
campaign onset
Armed
conflict onset
Nonviolent
campaign onset
Armed
conflict onset
Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 0.412** 0.160**
(0.098) (0.061)
Ratio of female to male primary school enrolment
(%)
0.032** 0.008
(0.011) (0.008)
Ln urban population 0.511** 0.274* 0.578** 0.247
(0.198) (0.139) (0.171) (0.173)
Ln military personnel 0.142 0.022 0.05 0.001
(0.183) (0.109) (0.156) (0.135)
Ln GDP per capita 0.228 0.206* 0.167 0.297*
(0.127) (0.093) (0.138) (0.121)
Polity2 0.113** 0.017 0.100** 0.016
(0.024) (0.016) (0.026) (0.018)
Polity2 squared 0.011* 0.005 0.015** 0.004
(0.005) (0.003) (0.006) (0.004)
Constant 8.020** 5.332** 14.472** 2.512
(2.447) (1.621) (2.477) (2.098)
Observations 5118 3667
AIC 2699.203 1942.431
BIC 2954.283 2184.509
Standard errors in parentheses. Cubic polynomials are included in the estimations. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01
Journal of Peace Research
2022, Vol. 59(6) 913–915
ªThe Author(s) 2022
Article reuse guidelines:
sagepub.com/journals-permissions
DOI: 10.1177/00223433221112430
journals.sagepub.com/home/jpr
To continue reading
Request your trial