FISCAL MANAGEMENT OF MUNICIPALITIES AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT1
| Published date | 01 January 1956 |
| DOI | http://doi.org/10.1002/j.1099-162X.1956.tb00510.x |
| Date | 01 January 1956 |
| Author | Joseph Froomkin |
CUSTOMARY
LAW
IN
THE
LUO,
KISII
AND
KURIA
TRIBES
15
African courts,
their
pronouncements as to current law can do a great deal to
reduce
uncertainty
and
serve as a forum for crystallizing
and
rationalizing
public opinion.
But
in
the
long
term
only
the
existence of sufficient recorded case law,
together withlegislation where necessary, can rectify
the
position.
The
drafting
ｯｾ
legislation will be a difficult problem since there are likely to be fundamental
differences of opinion between
the
churches
and
the
sociologists.
It
seems
probable
that
the
law will remain obscure for some time. There is no
doubt
.
however
that
from a legal view point, an interesting transitional stage of
development has begun.
FISCAL MANAGEMENT
OF
MUNICIPALITIES
AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTJ
By Joseph Froomkin
of Harvard University
Note.-This
article
is
reproduced
from Economic Development and Cultural Change,
the
Journal
of
the
Research
Center
in Economic
Development
and
Cultural
Change
of
the
University
of Chicago.
The
article, which is
reprinted
from Vol.
III,
No.4
of
July,
1955,
appears
by
kind
permission of
the
editor
and
the
author.
Introduction
Many countries have experienced a
rapid
concentration of population in
urban settlements concurrently with economic development.
The
proportion
?f
the
population living in cities of 100,000
and
over to
the
total
population
IS
roughly correlated with
the
proportion of
the
population engaged in
industry
and to levels of
per
capita
incomes in most countries.f This growth of
urban
P?pulations poses a serious problem for municipalities since
they
are faced
WIth
the
need for additional services. In underdeveloped countries
the
need
for these services is going to [be quite acute, because during urbanization
caused by economic development
the
largest city, usually
the
capital, does
not grow as fast as other, hitherto smaller, cities. Since
the
smaller
urban
settlements in underdeveloped countries have maintained very low
standards
of services,
the
need for improvement in municipal functions is likely to be
pressing. Furthermore, if
the
experience of
the
Soviet Union
and
Brazil
｣｡ｾ
be relied upon as a guide, a
number
of
urban
settlements will probably
Spnng
up
in places where no cities or towns existed before."
The
extent
of municipal investment depends on
the
type
of cities which
an underdeveloped country can afford to build. Since economic development,
and
especially
the
growth of an industrial working force, is hindered
by
city
ｾｵｭｳＬ
and
since urbanization should be accompanied by increased access to
ealth
and
educational facilities, it becomes obvious
that
the
magnitude of
planning
and
financing municipal services in an underdeveloped
country
is of
very large proportions. Thus,
the
planning
and
the
execution of programs of
--------------------------------
II
wish to
express
my
thanks
to Dr.
Haskell
P.
Wald
of
the
International
Program
Who
read
this
manuscript
and
made
numerous
valuable
suggestions.
S ,.2A. J. Jaffe,
"Summary
of University Seminar on Urbanism,"
Bureau
of
Applied
oC2al
Research (New York, 1951) (Mimeographed).
R3Carl
Hammer,
"Rank
Correlation of Cities and Refinement," Bureau of
Applied
Social
esearch (New York, 1951) (Mimeographed).
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