A New Administration, a Prerequisite for the Progress of Technical Co-operation
| Date | 01 December 1961 |
| DOI | 10.1177/002085236102700412 |
| Published date | 01 December 1961 |
| Author | Maurice Guernier |
| Subject Matter | Articles |
the
guarantee
period,
whose
purpose
is
to
ensure
that
there
are
no
hidden
defects.
The
guarantee
is
then
paid
back.
As
far
as
the
authority
is
concerned,
the
payment
of
the
agreed
price
terminates
the
contract.
B.
Rescission
This
may
occur
in
several
cases :
death
or
bankruptcy
of
the
contractor;
ill-adapted
plan
leading
to
a
change
of
more
than
10
per
cent
in
the
estimate;
clerical
error
in
the
estimate
leading
to
a
change
of
more
than
10
per
cent;
alterations
made
by
the
authority
to
the
initial
plan
in
the
event
of
prices
being
in-
creased
by
10
or
by
20
per
cent,
according
to
cases.
Moreover,
the
contractor
is
entitled
to
ask
for
a
revision
if,
for
some
reason
over
which
he
has
no
control,
the
work
has
not
been
started,
or
in
certain
cases
in
which
the
work
has
been
suspended
by
a
decision
of
the
Government
and
has
not
been
carried
out
as
quickly
as
expected.
In
the
last-mentioned
circumstances,
the
Government,
after
con-
sulting
the
Council
of
State,
will
grant
the
contractor
a
maximum
of
5
per
cent
of
the
value
of
the
unfinished
work
by
way
of
compensation.
The
authority
may
terminate
the
contract
and
confiscate
the
guarantee
if
the
dates
fixed
for
carrying
out
the
work
are
not
observed,
in
which
event
the
contractor
is
entitled
to
payment
only
for
the
services
he
has
performed.
The
authority
may,
how-
ever,
allow
the
contractor
more
time
if
he
is
able
to
prove
that
the
delay
was
unavoidable.
Rescission
may
also
be
provided
for
in
a
penalty
clause.
A
New
Administration,
a
Prerequisite
for
the
Progress
of
Technical
Co-operation
by
Maurice
GUERNIER.
The
study
of
the
problems
of
the
developing
countries
has
made
great
progress
during
the
last
decade.
Two
stages
may
be
distinguished.
The
first
mainly
stressed
the
economic
side,
and
the
second
the
human
side
of
the
ques-
tion.
The
first,
or
«econometric*,
stage
was
mark-
ed
by
the
prevailing
idea
of
finding
an
eco-
nomic
solution
to
under-development.
It
gave
rise
to
numerous
theories,
none
of
which
has
produced
direct
practical
results.
Knowledge
of
the
economic
factors
of
the
problem
was
advanced
but,
in
the
field,
no
results
could
be
achieved
in
terms
of
those
theories.
In
the
second
stage,
increasing
importance
was
attached
to
the
human
factor,
and
all
the
social
sciences
were
called
upon
to
take
part
in
the
research,
but
inadequately.
It
would
seem
that
it
has
not
yet
been
realized
that
under-development
is
a
general
problem
that
can
only
be
solved
by
contributions
from
all
the
social
subjects.
Attention
is
thus
more
definitely
being
drawn
to
the
part
to
be
played
by
the
administrative
sciences.
It
has
become
obvious
that
a
sound
and
appropriate
administration
is
an
essential
con-
dition
for
economic
and
social
development.
Nevertheless,
that
condition
is
far
from
ful-
filled
and
serious
administrative
shortcomings
may
too
often
be
observed
in
many
countries.
They
stem
chiefly
from
two
general
causes.
The
first
is
the
insufficient
development
of
the
administrative
sciences,
which
have
long
been
neglected
and
ignored,
with
a
resulting
lack
of
knowledge
of
the
administrative
pro-
cess
in
all
its
implications
and
of
the
condi-
tions
of
application
of
administrative
tech-
niques.
Moreover
-
and
this
applies
to
the
countries
that
have
recently
attained
inde-
pendence
-
it
was
assumed
that
the
old-
established
metropolitan
administrations
were
adapted
to
the
needs
and
requirements
of
the
peoples
formerly
under
their
control.
That
is
a
glaring
mistake
which
sometimes
has
most
harmful
consequences.
It
may
frequently
be
observed
that
the
old
administrative
machinery
can
no
longer
be
worked
without
serious
difficulties
and
great
complications.
For
instance,
as
regards
the
civil
service,
a
tendency
may
be
noticed
to
deform
the
nature
and
conditions
of
the
ser-
vice
regulations.
Administrative
efficiency,
far
from
being
fostered,
is
thus
finally
ham;p-
ered,
and
the
social
separation
of
civil
servants
from
other
workers
is
facilitated.
Unless
there
is
a
suitable
environment
in
the
country
to
which
it is
transferred,
a
separate
legal
status
for
civil servants
may
entail
risks
without
offering
any
advantages.
The
administrative
sciences
are,
in
fact,
faced
with
new
problems
for
which
they
must
find
new
solutions
by
adapting
administration
to
social
conditions.
New
ground
must
be
broken,
since
nobody
still
thinks
that
a
system
or
even
a
method
may
simply
be
transferred
from
one
country
to
another.
One
can
only
~~
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