Occupational Stress in UK Law
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Barber v Somerset County Council
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Here again, it is important to distinguish between signs of stress and signs of impending harm to health. Stress is merely the mechanism which may but usually does not lead to damage to health. If the employee or his doctor makes it plain that unless something is done to help there is a clear risk of a breakdown in mental or physical health, then the employer will have to think what can be done about it.
Harm to health may sometimes be foreseeable without such an express warning.
Unless he knows of some particular problem or vulnerability, an employer is usually entitled to assume that his employee is up to the normal pressures of the job. It is only if there is something specific about the job or the employee or the combination of the two that he has to think harder. Generally he is entitled to take what he is told by or on behalf of the employee at face value.
But how strong should those indications be before the employer has a duty to act? Mr Hogarth argued that only 'clear and unequivocal' signs of an impending breakdown should suffice. But in view of the many difficulties of knowing when and why a particular person will go over the edge from pressure to stress and from stress to injury to health, the indications must be plain enough for any reasonable employer to realise that he should do something about it.
Having shown a breach of duty, it is still necessary to show that the particular breach of duty found caused the harm. It is not enough to show that occupational stress caused the harm. However, the employee does not have to show that the breach of duty was the whole cause of his ill-health: it is enough to show that it made a material contribution: see Bonnington Castings v Wardlaw [1956] AC 613.
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Hatton v Sutherland; Barber v Somerset County Council
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This is, I think, useful practical guidance, but it must be read as that, and not as having anything like statutory force. Every case will depend on its own facts and the well-known statement of Swanwick J in Stokes v Guest, Keen and Nettlefold (Bolts and Nuts) Ltd [1968] 1 WLR 1776, 1783, remains the best statement of general principle:
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Hartman v South Essex Mental Health and Community Care NHS Trust
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It is foreseeable injury flowing from the employer's breach of duty that gives rise to the liability. It does not follow that because a claimant suffers stress at work and that the employer is in some way in breach of duty in allowing that to occur that the claimant is able to establish a claim in negligence. As Simon Brown LJ put it in Garrett v Camden London Borough Council [2001] EWCA Civ 395, paragraph 63:
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Employment Act 2002
......Unresolved conflict in the workplace can damage morale, increase stress, and may lead to employees quitting their jobs. Equally, disputes taken to ...Similarly, 55-82,000 FTC employees will benefit from greater occupational provision with total benefits of 33-98 million per year. . 215. Costs to ......
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The Financial Services (Miscellaneous) (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019
...... “(e) “(e) an occupational pension scheme within the meaning given in section 1(1) of the Pension ... (aa) the words from “and discloses information” to “stress tests” were omitted; . (bb) for “Union”, in both places it occurs, ......
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The Over the Counter Derivatives, Central Counterparties and Trade Repositories (Amendment, etc., and Transitional Provision) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019
...... (e) an occupational pension scheme within the meaning given in section 1(1) of the Pension ...S-50 . Review of models, stress testing and back testing Review of models, stress testing and back testing ......
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The Solvency 2 and Insurance (Amendment, etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019
...... . 56. ‘institutions for occupational retirement provision’ means an institution, irrespective of its legal ... to be used when calculating the impact of the mortality risk stress referred to in regulation 42(4)(h) 23 of the Solvency 2 Regulations 2015; ......
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What can occupational stress diaries achieve that questionnaires can't?
Purpose – The paper aims to demonstrate the efficacy of the qualitative occupational stress diary as a means by which to attain additional depth of insight into the way people experience stress, to...
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Determinants and prevalence of occupational stress among Zimbabwean school administrators
A survey of the literature will undoubtedly show that the last two decades have witnessed a proliferation of research studies on occupational stress among educational personnel, and that interest i...
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Stress Claims - Employers' Liability for Psychiatric Illness
......However, in recent years growing numbers of employees have brought claims in respect of psychiatric injury arising from occupational stress. A recent decision of the Court of Appeal, Chairman of the Governors of St. Thomas Becket RC High School -v- Hatton and Others, has set down ......
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Liability - 2018 In Review
...... commentary on the interplay between vicarious liability and occupational stress, along with issues of professional reputation. The issue of ......
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Chapter LAM01090
...... The European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) is the primary driver of European insurance ... they can meet obligations to policyholders in times of financial stress. SII built on risk based capital requirements which had already been in ......
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Chapter IHTM17103
...... personal pensions or retirement annuities (or exceptionally occupational scheme members) do not elect to take their benefits before they die (but ...3.4 We stress that no claim under section 3(3) will normally arise where there is no ......
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Chapter TCM0122060
...... person may take longer or need extra rest periods or have to avoid stress. Part-time working may be appropriate. . Habilitation could be training a ... medication prescribed by a doctor . physiotherapy or occupational therapy . counselling by a doctor, psychologist or psychiatric nurse or ......