Unilateral Agreement in UK Law
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Disengagement Zones: A Step Towards Meaningful Defence?
To raise the nuclear threshold in Europe, several suggestions have been made to remove battlefield nuclear weapons a certain distance east and west of the dividing line in Central Europe. Concurren...... ... : linking the withdrawal of nuclear weapons to an agreement on mutual (balanced) force reductions (M(B)FR); unilateral action ... ...
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Talks before the talks: Effects of pre-negotiation on reaching peace agreements in intrastate armed conflicts, 2005–15
Pre-negotiation is widely accepted as a means to convince intrastate conflict parties to negotiate formally; however, research has not yet established a causal link between early efforts to bring w...... ... the pre-negotiation phase contribute to the signing of a peace agreement? Theory on inter state conflict suggests that pre-negotiation reduces ... of the conditions under which conflict parties shift from unilateral to joint decisionmaking. Keywords civil war, intrastate conflict, peace ... ...
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The Limited Prospects for International Tax Cooperation
The recent pace of international agreement aimed to reduce tax evasion and avoidance was completely unpredicted prior to the financial crisis. The two targets are often considered to be merely diff...... ... of Minnesota Abstract The recent pace of international agreement aimed to reduce tax evasion and avoidance was completely unpredicted prior ... of business seems to have increased rather than dampened unilateral initiatives to advance national gain. Policy Implications • The US ... ...
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Inter-agency evidence sharing in competition law enforcement
While transnational antitrust enforcement is becoming only more common, the access to foreign-based evidence remains a considerable practical challenge. This article appraises considerations and co...... ... with foreign counterparts, also withoutany underlying bilateral agreement and on a non-reciprocal basis. This solution shows that apragmatic and ... points to novel unilateral approaches. In the latter regard the focus is devoted to Australia, where ... ...
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From “Shared Responsibility” to a Migration Agreement? The Limits for Cooperation in the Mexico‐United States Case (2000–2008)1
Why were the Mexican and United States governments unable to establish formal cooperation for the management of migration flows even after agreeing on the need for a “shared responsibility” approac...... ... of 2001? Conventional wisdom is that the terrorist attacks of September 11th were the main reason for the shift from a bilateral to a unilateral approach to the management of US-Mexico migration flows. Although this event chan- ged the US government’s foreign policy priorities, in order to ... ...
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Dispute Resolution in “Essential Services”:. Procedural Experimentation in Canada
In its handling of public sector pay, the present British Government appears to have given higher priority to the minimisation of public expenditure than to the avoidance of disputes. It has on sev...... ... sector disputes pro-cedures of provisions allowing either party unilateral access to arbitral bodies, though by no means entirely successful-ly as ... choice rests with the employer, or with either side, or by joint agreement[5]. In the Canadian federal jurisdiction, white-collar groups have shown a ... ...
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THE STATE TAKE‐OVER OF SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA: A CONTROVERSY
Until the middle of the 20th Century, all the governments of the various regions in Nigeria did was to give grants‐in‐aid to the voluntary agencies that operated approved schools while a few “gover...... ... indeed a state take-over of voluntary schools based on mutual agreement. However, voluntary agencies and private individuals should be allowed to ... However, many Nigerians objected to the unilateral seizure and control of church and private schools by the government ... ...
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Rebel—Military Integration and Civil War Termination
Civil wars are far less likely to end in peace agreements than are international wars, and more than a third of civil wars restart within a few years. This may be due to the time-inconsistency of p...... ... , rational actors will hesitate to agree to or implement a peace agreement unless they are given credible security guarantees. Guarantees can be ... This solution should make unilateral defection from peace settlements more costly ... This is an increasingly ... ...
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Does “Smarter” Lead to Safer? An Assessment of the US Border Accords with Canada and Mexico
The terrorist attacks of September 11 and their immediate aftermath along the US‐Canadian and US‐Mexican borders focused attention on border management strategies in ways previously unimaginable. S...... ... and the 22 March 2002 United States-Mexico Border Partner- ship Agreement. These agreements represent an important development in the US’s ... States cannot attain the additional security it desires through unilateral actions alone. Thus, while September 11 forced a reassessment of ... ...
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China's emerging regional trade policy
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide a timely review and analysis of China's regional trade agreements, its motivations, and its economic implications for Association of Southeast Asian...... ... Association of Southeast AsianNations (ASEAN)-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA) member countries and other ... negotiations.Finally, China continues to have an interest in unilateral liberalization that shouldnot be overlooked. It is easy to get locked into ... ...
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